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T ower. Kyle Coggins Qifei Tang Jun Xu. located on ： the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in ： 1889 Designer ： Gustave Eiffel. Eiffel Tower. Eiffel Tower. details. It has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. Eiffel Tower.

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T ower

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  1. Tower Kyle Coggins Qifei Tang Jun Xu

  2. located on ： the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in ： 1889 Designer： Gustave Eiffel Eiffel Tower

  3. Eiffel Tower details It has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.

  4. Eiffel Tower Material The pig iron structure of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7,300 tonnes while the entire structure, including non-metal components, is approximately 10,000 tonnes. Wind considerations Eiffel used empirical and graphical methods accounting for the effects of wind rather than a specific mathematical formula. As a demonstration of the tower's effectiveness in wind resistance, it sways only 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in the wind. Maintenance Maintenance of the tower includes applying 50 to 60 tonnes of paint every seven years to protect it from rust. The height of the Eiffel Tower varies by 15 cm due to temperature. Aesthetic considerations In order to maintain a uniform appearance to an observer on the ground, three separate colours of paint are used on the tower, with the darkest on the bottom and the lightest at the top. On occasion the colour of the paint is changed; the tower is currently painted a shade of bronze.[27] On the first floor there are interactive consoles hosting a poll for the colour to use for a future session of painting. The tower stands 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building. The tower has three levels for visitors. Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift, to the first and second levels. The walk from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level. The third and highest level is accessible only by elevator. Both the first and second levels feature restaurants. Design of the tower

  5. Tokyo Tower located： ShibaPark, Minato, Tokyo, Japan Built in： 1958 Height： 332.5 metres (1,091 ft) Desingner： TachūNaitō

  6. Tokyo Tower details When the 90-metre antenna was bolted into place on October 14, 1958, Tokyo Tower was the tallest freestanding tower in the world, taking the title from the Eiffel Tower by 13 metres.[3] Despite being taller than the Eiffel Tower, Tokyo Tower only weighs about 4,000 tons, 3,300 tons less than the Eiffel Tower.

  7. Tokyo Tower A large broadcasting tower was needed in the Kantō region after NHK, Japan‘s public broadcasting station, began television broadcasting in 1953. Private broadcasting companies began operating in the months following the construction of NHK’s own transmission tower Why they build Tokyo Tower

  8. BurjKhalifa Tower Architect: Adrian Smith at SOM Location: Dubai, United Arab Emirates Completed: 2010 Opening: 4 January2010 Cost: $1.5 billion Height: 828 m (2,717 ft)

  9. BurjKhalifa Tower Architecture and design Cross-section comparisons A Hymenocallis flower showing six spokes, as pattern for the three-lobed design. The design of BurjKhalifa is derived from patterning systems embodied in Islamic architecture. The Y-shaped plan is ideal for residential and hotel usage, with the wings allowing maximum outward views and inward natural light. The spire of BurjKhalifa is composed of more than 4,000 tonnes (4,400 short tons; 3,900 long tons) of structural steel. The central pinnacle pipe weighing 350 tonnes (390 short tons; 340 long tons) was constructed from inside the building and jacked to its full height of over 200 m (660 ft) using a strand jack system. The spire also houses communications equipment.

  10. Sydney Tower Eye Location： Sydney, Australia Completed： 1981 Cost： $36 million Height： Antenna spire 309 m (1,014 ft) Design and construction： Owner The Merlin Entertainments Group Architect： Donald Crone and Associates

  11. Sydney Tower Eye Structure There are three main sections of the tower open to public access. One is the observation deck at 250 m (820 ft) above ground level with a fully enclosed viewing platform featuring 360-degree views of the city and surrounds. Skywalk is an open-air, glass-floored platform circling the Sydney Tower Eye at a height of 268 m (879 ft) above ground level. There are also revolving restaurants, one à la carte and one buffet.

  12. Oriental Pearl TV Tower Type： Communication, hotel, observation, restaurant Location： Shanghai，China Completed： 1994 Height： Antenna spire 468.0 m (1,535 ft) Architect： Shanghai Modern Architectural Design Co. Ltd.

  13. Oriental Pearl TV Tower Structural The spheres in the tower The tower features 11 spheres, big and small. The two largest spheres, along the length of the tower, have diameters of 50 m (164 ft) for the lower and 45 m (148 ft) for the upper. They are linked by three columns, each 9 m (30 ft) in diameter. The highest sphere is 14 m (46 ft) in diameter. The entire building is supported by three enormous columns that start underground.

  14. Kuala Lumpur Tower Type：Telecommunication, Islamic Lunar observatory, Adventure(basejump), Tourism, Cultural Location： Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Height： Antenna spire 421 m (1,381 ft) Completed： 1995 Opening： October 1996 Architect： Kumpulan SenirekaSdn. Bhd.

  15. Kuala Lumpur Tower Construction The construction of the KL Tower which began on 4th October 1991, was a 3-phase process. The first phase was the widening of Jalan Bukit Nanas and the excavation of soil from the construction site. On 6th July 1992, the second phase began with the construction of the foundation and basement of the tower. Approximately 50,000 cubic meters of concrete were continuously poured for 31 hours thus setting a record in the Malaysian construction industry. The third phase was the construction of the 'superstructure' which began in May 1994.

  16. TOWER BRIDGE Built 1894 London, England 11,000 tons of steel 70,000 tons of concrete for piers Material transported by sea

  17. DUBAI TOWER Burj Dubai Project time 2004-2008 Tallest man made structure ever at: 2,684 feet high

  18. WORLD FINANCE TOWER Built by: Minoru Mori Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates Shanghai, China Built 2008 Steel-framed and steel reinforced concrete 101 stories

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