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Introduction to Trusses

Introduction to Trusses. Background Vocabulary/Definitions.

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Introduction to Trusses

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  1. Introduction to Trusses

  2. Background Vocabulary/Definitions civil engineer : A type of engineer who design and plan structures and systems in the human-built world. This might include essential infrastructure such as buildings, roads, tunnels, bridges, towers, factories, water distribution, and waste collection and treatment, which are essential infrastructure for people today. compression : A force that pushes inwards on a structural member. joint: A place where two or more structural truss pieces meet. Also called a node. structural member: A support added to polygon-composed trusses to increase structural stability. tension : A force that pulls outwards on a structural member.

  3. What is a truss?

  4. A truss is a structural unit made from straight bars that form trianglesor other stable, rigid shapes. The simplest form of a truss is one single triangle.

  5. For roof construction Support for elevated train tracks A church ceiling

  6. Tell me an example of a truss you have seen.

  7. What makes upa truss?

  8. A truss is a series of straight bars that form triangles or other stable, rigid shapes. A truss is composed of:Due to their geometry and rigidity, trusses can distribute a single point of weight over a wider area. structural members joints or nodes angles polygons

  9. What is the difference between a planar truss and a space truss?

  10. planar (simple) trussMembers and nodes in the 2D plane Examples: bicycle frame, roofing, rafters space trussMembers and nodes in the 3D plane Examples: bridges, transmission towers

  11. Which is which?

  12. pitched (common) truss  Howe truss Many more truss designs

  13. Structural Member A physical piece of a larger structure Example: a steel beam Engineering Terminology Load Applied weight or force on a structure Example: vehicles and wind on a bridge

  14. Compression and Tension

  15. Truss in Compression and Tension  Pratt truss • Uses vertical members in compression and horizontal members in tension • Most efficient under vertical-loading compression

  16. Have you ever walked across a simple footbridge made of boards or a rope bridge and noticed how the bridge changes shape (bends) as you walk across its center?

  17. Deformation This bending of the bridge is called deformation. Deformationrefers to something that changes shape when pressure is applied. As we design and test trusses today, we will apply weight (in the form of books) to our trusses and observe how the angles deflect when subjected to a load. We will measure some of the angles in our truss—both before and after a load is applied—in order to calculate the amount of deflection. Engineers consider many factors in bridge design, including the maximum load it can support and how much deformation the bridge materials can withstand before breaking.

  18. Your Engineering Design Challenge You are going to make a space truss!

  19. Choose from these regular polygons: Triangle Quadrilateral Pentagon Hexagon Heptagon Octagon Nonagon Decagon

  20. Example Trusses

  21. Data Collection

  22. Sum of interior angles = (n-2)*180 n=number of sides in your polygon

  23. Your Target Angles Tagging and Measuring

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