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Electric Utility Future

Electric Utility Future. Larry Dickerman March 6, 2009. Challenges to Our Business. A significant increase in customer-owned DG connections to our grid Intermittent nature of renewable DG, such as wind, on AEP grid Increasing demand for improved service quality and reliability.

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Electric Utility Future

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  1. Electric Utility Future Larry Dickerman March 6, 2009

  2. Challenges to Our Business • A significant increase in customer-owned DG connections to our grid • Intermittent nature of renewable DG, such as wind, on AEP grid • Increasing demand for improved service quality and reliability • Future PHEV load • Cost control • Improving use of assets • Improving efficiency (internal & customers) Customer Owned & Operated DG

  3. Storage Wind Fuel Cell Solar Utility Future? Residential Industrial Commercial

  4. Storage Wind Fuel Cell ≈ ≈ ≈ ~ ~ ~ Solar Residential ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ Industrial ≈ gridFUTURE Hierarchical Control System Topology Control Point Monitoring & Optimization Center NO/NC ≈ Regional Aggregation/ Control ≈ Commercial

  5. Utility Future? • Energy Efficiency – both customer & utility • Demand Response • Distribution Automation • Demand control through voltage control • Fuel cells • Sophisticated control & optimization • Electrification of transportation • Fuel cells • Wind • Storage • Solar • Microgrids Today’s Discussion

  6. Energy Storage Applications in Utilities

  7. Energy Storage – Multiple Benefits Service Benefits Market Benefits Dynamic VAR support Improved Service Reliability (site dependent) Firming & Shifting Renewables (dependent on the source) Energy Arbitrage Frequency Regulation and other Ancillary Values (large variability) Distribution Capital Deferral (site dependent) Generation Capacity values are based on studies made for an AEP site

  8. Energy Storage Options

  9. Economics of Energy Storage Long-Term Economics – for survival • Positioning the business into a sustainable format • Mitigating future challenges to the grid – New opportunities • Improve System Reliability • Prepare AEP grid for large penetration of renewable sources • Improve utilization of AEP grid (flattened load) • Better Dispatch Control over Independent Power Producers Short-Term Economics- to set priorities • Short Payback Period • Compete with Conventional Alternatives • Quick solution to Capacity Upgrades We need to apply both “Economics” when deploying energy storage

  10. Locational Value of Energy Storage CES (Community Energy Storage) NAS (Substation Battery) 120/240 V 480 V 765 kV 4 to 34 kV 345 kV 138 kV 69 kV Storage Value • Devaluators: • Limited Value to Customer • High Security Risk • Does not remove Grid Constraints • Devaluators: • Esthetics • O&M? Central Generation Load Distribution circuits appear to offer most value for hosting storage

  11. Tyler Mountain Feeder 46 kV bus 12 kV bus North Charleston Feeder 46kV/12kV Transformer 12/16/20 MVA Voltage Regulator West Washington Feeder AEP 2006 Project Battery in an Existing Substation • Installed 1MW, 7.2 MWhof NAS battery on a feeder to defer building a new substation for three years • Daily Peak Shaving –summer • Three years of successful operation

  12. - 1.0 MWDischarge 2008 2007 + 1.2 MW Charge AEP 2006 Project – Performance Data • Scheduled trapezoidal Charge & Discharge profiles • Improved the feeder load factor by 5% (from 75% to 80%) • Reduced the oil temperature of the 20MVA supply transformer by about 4 degrees C 2006 Three Successful Years of Peak Shaving

  13. Existing recloser locations Jefferson 12 kV Circuit Village of Bluffton 2 MW NAS Battery Proposed Islanding Area Approximately 2.0 MVA load Bluffton Station Dynamic Islanding for Improved Service Reliability

  14. NAS Battery Station Two 1 MW NAS Units Genset PCS Transformer 2008 ProjectsTo Improve Service Reliability • 2MW, 14.4 MWh in Bluffton, Ohio • Two other identical sites in West Virginia and Indiana (2008) • All with dynamic islanding

  15. AEP 2009 ProjectFrequency Regulation with Energy Storage • Expected Value (NPV) $800/kW - $2000/kW • Beacon demonstrated that 15minute of storage is enough to capture over 90% of the regulation value • Can AEP spare 15 min of its multi-hour substation batteries to realize this additional value? • Beacon offered to install a 1MW flywheel system on AEP grid at their cost to demonstrate technical and economic feasibility. • Contract is just signed

  16. FlyWheel AEP 2009 Project1 MW Beacon Flywheel System • 12 x100 kW flywheel system (2 spares) • Units located inside buried concrete containers • Installation (50’ x 100’) will be OUTSIDE the Bixby station

  17. 65 mile long unreliable line Town 5 MW Slow Connection AEP Future ProjectTexas Project • A city at the end of a long old line (frequent outages) • Alternative feeder from Mexico is manual and slow • Need a few years to build a new transmission line • AEP plans to install 4 MW, 6-hour NAS UPS

  18. Padmounted Transformer Substation AEP 2009 Project Community Energy Storage (CES) CES is a small distributed energy storage unit connected to the secondary of transformers serving a few houses or small commercial loads for: • Better service reliability and T&D efficiency (close to customers) • Voltage sag mitigation and transformer load relief • Multi-MW, Multi-hour service to grid when aggregated, (leverage AMI1) • Potentially low cost and high reliability (synergy with PHEV2) • Buffers customer DG and PHEV impacts 1- AMI = Advanced Metering Infrastructure 2- PHEV = Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

  19. Utility “GridCell” , A Game Changer • Utility GridCell is the smallest combination of load, generation and energy storage that can sustain itself during a blackout. • Utility GridCells can exchange energy with each other to expand sustainability to a larger geographic area and respond to the utility needs • Utility GridCells communicate internally with the energy management systems in residences • Utility GridCells can be hardened against ice and wind storm outages by using underground secondary cables for interconnections • Utility GridCells leverage net metering to reward customers who provide energy to the GridCell system A Utility GridCell 120V / 240 V CES GEN GEN

  20. Utility “GridCell” , A Game Changer • AEP received 5 proposals and selected one to build our 2009 prototypes

  21. Barriers to Implementation of Storage Economic • Cost of storage • Need volume & competition • Incentives to industry • Being able to capture multiple values in a given application Regulatory • How to handle multiple benefits across distribution, transmission and generation? • How to handle energy in and out in a deregulated environment?

  22. The Sun • Solar Spectrum • Average daily radiation Solar Energy

  23. Photovoltaic (PV) Cells Solar Thermal Technology • Efficiency 5-43% • Efficiency ~15-30% Methods of Capturing Solar Energy

  24. ηmax =19% Monocrystalline Polycrystalline ηmax = 43% ηmax = 20% Multi-junction Thin Film PV Technologies ηmax = 25%

  25. Solar Two Barstow, CA 10 MW 1995-1999 η = 15% SNL Solar Stirling 25 kW 2005 η = 30% Solar Dish Solar Tower Kramer Junction, CA 5 x 33MW 1985 η = 15% Bakersfield, CA 5MW 2008 η = 20% Parabolic Trough Fresnel Reflector Solar Thermal Technologies

  26. Advantages ‘Fuel’ is free Non-polluting Minimal/Moderate maintenance Long lifetime (20-40 yrs.) Disadvantages Expensive 20-30¢/kWh Central PV 20-50¢/kWh Distributed PV 9-12 ¢/kWh Solar Thermal Low-High efficiency Daytime production Batteries Thermal storage Atmospheric effects Large footprint Solar Advantages/Disadvantages

  27. PV Cost Projections • Grid-competitive PV within five years? Deutsche Bank Forecast DOE Forecast

  28. Athens Service Center 11-12-2008 AEP Solar Activities • Response to Ohio Legislation • R&D • Looking for Cost Competitive Solar Solutions • Concentrated vs. Flat Panel PV (Dolan) • Ohio based developer of concentrated solar (Greenfield) • Medium-Scale Distributed Solar • Two 70kW units installed at Newark & Athens Service Centers • Future Installations could be in the 500kW to 1MW range located at or near utility distribution facilities. • PVIC • Solar Industry Collaborative Lead by Ohio Academia • Customer-owned PV installations are accelerating

  29. Photovoltaic Project at Dolan • Project Goals • Compare the Performance of Concentrated PV to Traditional Flat Panel PV • Verify Functionality and Performance of StarGenTM • If successful, may install 10-20 units for further comparison/testing at Walnut Test Facility • Interface with AMI Test Bed Metering Details -Irradiance -Module / Cell Temperatures -Ambient Air Temperature -DC/AC Voltage and Current -Thermal Energy (StarGen) StarGen 1.5kW Concentrator - 1.5kW + 5kW thermal (est.) - Dual Axis Tracking - PV Powered 2kW inverter Sharp 216W Panels (6) - 1.3kW - Dual Axis Tracking - PV Powered 2kW inverter

  30. Questions?

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