PRESENTATION BY

1. PRESENTATION BY SHRI CHANDRA SHEKHAR PRASAD DIRECTOR GENERAL CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT ON QUALIFICATION OF CONTRACTOR, QUALITY CONTROL AND SUSTAINABILITY IN INFRASTRUCTURES

2. QUALIFICATION OF CONTRACTORS Performance in creating an infrastructure An outcome of relentless effort made in procuring material of right type and of quality. Another important factor is workmanship. In turn the workmanship depends on the qualification of the man power behind the construction activity. There are other factors as well like time management financial management and technical management including machinery, T&P coordination and team work amongst various disciplines involved in creating infrastructure and so on.

3. Engagement of a contractor without proper and adequate experience and qualifications normally fail to deliver the outputs in assigned cost & time. There are other negative results in terms of Lack of quality Accuracy Wasteful & time consuming efforts A contractor should have adequate and positive experience of execution of almost similar work. The quantum of experience is important as it indicates the capability of contractor of having executed a similar work with necessary and adequate machinery and T&P, manpower of required capability and engineering make of mind.

4. There are three different methods of assessing qualification of contractors in practice in CPWD Pre-qualification Registered contractor who have been assigned different categories & classes. Post-qualification

5. Pre-qualification: Pre-qualification of contractor is done as per the set guidelines in the form of written documents and which are being followed uniformly through out CPWD. The guidelines are that:- Forworks for which technical specification is finalized & defined clearly in NIT, tenderers shall be required to submit the bids in two envelopes. Envelope -1 :- Documents related to eligibility criteria. Envelope - 2 :- Financial bid. Envelope-1 of all tenderersshall be opened first. Eligibility related documents shall be evaluated and parties qualified/disqualified by the competent authority. Envelop-2 Financial bid of qualified tenderers shall then be opened at notified time, date and place in presence of tenderers or their representative.

6. Registered contractors: Different categories and classes of contractors according to their qualification :- Civil – Class I to V Civil Road – Class I & II Electrical – Class I to IV Horticultural – Class I to III Furniture – Class I to IV Nursery – Class I

7. The criterion for experience shall be The completion of requisite number of works of prescribed nature and magnitude during last 5 years The works should have been executed in the same name and style in which the enlistment is sought Enlistment of an individual in corresponding category is possible based on his technical qualification in lieu of experience

8. The financial soundness shall be The Banker’s Certificate or working capital certificate issued by the bankers of the contractor on the format prescribed in the rules Such certificate shall be issued by a scheduled bank The contractor shall have to pay A non-refundable processing fee along with application form The contractors of electrical category shall have to Produce valid electrical license from the competent authority in the name of the contractor

9. Post Qualification: Works for which technical specification has not been finalized and the same is to be finalized on receipt of the details from the tenderers. The tenderers shall be required to submit the bids in three envelopes Envelope - 1 Documents related to eligibility criterion Envelope - 2 Technical bid Envelope - 3 financial bid Pre-bid conference in which the doubts of the intending tenderer shall be clarified besides discussions on any additional suggestions proposed by the tenderer

10. e-Tendering e-Tendering in CPWD e-Tendering is mandatory for all categories of works irrespective of their cost e-Tendering platform to be used by CPWD Divisions has been decided to be hosted by M/s. ITI Ltd

11. M/s ITI Ltd. are to provide Logistic support including supply of documentation covering ‘User Manual’ and ‘Vendor Manual’ For the training of contractors Contractors interested in tendering in CPWD Divisions to get the digital signatures and needed training through M/s ITI Ltd

12. QUALITY CONTROL Pre-requisites for Quality Control • In built provision in the contract for a system of continuous check on quality by the field staff and the contractor for ensuring quality of work • Availability of adequately manned and equipped agency for overseeing the quality aspects • Periodical appraisal of quality and • A system of feed back for effecting possible improvements

13. Quality Control Plan A ‘Quality Control Plan’ has to be part of the tender documents. This shall indicate All the required tests to be done during the construction stage All the relevant and applicable codes specifications and standards as well as the acceptable criteria for each of the relevant items of work Materials used The processes employed

14. Methods Statement Applicable for works costing more than rupees 10 crores Approval to be taken by Contractor from Competent Authority The construction procedure for important activities of construction are stated, checked, and approved. The ‘Methods Statement’ should have a description of the item with elaborate procedure in steps to implement the same the specification of the material involved, their testing and acceptance criteria equipments to be used precautions to be taken mode of measurements etc

15. Quality Control set-up in CPWD Independent Quality Control set up which keeps a watch on the effectiveness/adequacy of quality control measures at site and also provides guidance to the field engineers comprises of the following QA Wings in each region under the Addl. Director General of the region Core Wing at the Directorate under the Chief Engineer (CSQ)

16. Organizational set-up of Quality Control Unit: The implementation of Quality Control in the field require close co-operation among the three agencies Field Engineers the construction agency & the Quality Control team at circle level Components for Quality Control Quality control on input material Quality Control on workmanship

17. Tests for Ensuring Quality of Work: Quality of Brick Masonry: For common burnt clay bricks, fly ash lime bricks etc. tests for Dimension Compressive strength Water absorption Efflorescence Common burnt clay bricks shall conform to IS-1077 and fly ash lime bricks shall conform to IS-12894 Other checks on workmanship Adequate soaking of bricks Use of proper mortar Raking of joints and then fully filling with mortar Lines, levels, thickness and trueness of joints etc. in different masonry bonds Adequate curing

18. Quality of Stone/Masonry: For stone masonry tests for Water absorption Transverse strength Resistance to wear Durability Other checks on workmanship Proper mortar Raking of joints Fully filling with mortar Lines, levels, thickness and trueness of joints Bushing in stones and Number of bond stones Height of individual stones as compared to width on face or the depth inwards Dressing of stones specially at jambs, corners & sills and extent of use of spalls in joints

19. Quality of PCC & RCC IS 456-2000 Code of Practice for Plain & Reinforced Concrete is followed in regard to concrete mix proportion under specified procedure Minimum M-25 grade of concrete is used in all structural elements made with RCC both in load bearing and framed structure To control higher rate of carbonation in early ages of concrete water/binder ratio is kept as low as possible which is closely monitored during concrete manufacture

20. The components of structural concrete i.e. water, cement, fine & coarse aggregate are monitored individually for their qualities Quality of water from each source tested before the commencement of work once in every three months subsequently for pH value limits of acidity limits of alkalinity percentage of solids Cement used in works is from reputed manufacturers and tested for physical test for fineness soundness setting time compressive strength and consistency of standard cement paste Sand (fine aggregate) is brought from approved source and tested for Field tests for Organic impurity and silt contents. Particle size distribution and Bulking of sand

21. Stone aggregate (coarse aggregate) is tested for Percentage of soft or deleterious material Particle size Organic impurities Surface moisture 10% fine value Specific gravity Bulk density Aggregate crushing strength and Impact value After the concrete is manufactured at site using the ingredients through batch mix plant, there is a control on its quality for workmanship through the following tests: Slump test for workability Cube tests for compressive strength

22. Steel reinforcement is tested for Reinforcement to be used is Thermo Mechanically Treated bars for which physical & chemical tests are carried out Form work (centering & shuttering) Steel tubes with extension pieces for built up sections of approved steel for Centering Shuttering being used is of steel plates with sufficient stiffness Shapes, lines and dimensions with tolerances checked Checks on workmanship Compaction of concrete Placement of construction & expansion joints Curing of concrete

23. Quality of Marbles Work Checked for any consignment for Same group Size and Finish Workmanship as regarding fixing of Gun metal cramps Copper pins & Stone dowels in veneering work

24. Quality of Wood Work • Timber is checked for • moisture content • species • chemical treatment • Flush doors are checked for • End immersion test • Knife test • Adhesion test • Workmanship as regards • dimensions • joinery work

25. Quality of SteelWork • Tested for • Tensile strength • Bend test • Flattening test

26. Quality of Flooring Work Terrazzo tiles are tested for Transverse Strength Water Absorption Abrasion Pressed ceramic tiles are tested for Dimensions Surface quality Physical property Chemical property Workmanship checked for flooring Joint filling Thickness of Joint Laying with adequate mortar (check for hollow sounding) Level of top surface

27. Quality of Road Work Ingredients for road work Asphalt Mastic, Bitumen, Bitumen-Cutback, Bitumen-Emulsion - tested for their grade and properties in accordance with IS-73 Coarse Aggregate, Fine Aggregate, Binding & Filler Material, Screening etc – tests are performed on these materials to check their quality which are primarily in accordance with different IS Codes and IRC Standards in some specific cases

28. Different specialized items of work such as structural glazing, false ceiling etc all electrical works have got tests as laid down in relevant IS Codes. In a few cases tests are performed by manufacturer himself where there is no specific code applicable

29. Sustainability in Infrastructure Sustainable infrastructure - Infrastructure in harmony with the continuation of economy and environmental sustainability The majority of existing infrastructure has great impact on the environment and some of these facilities are not sustainable. There is an urgent need to implement strategic changes in the provision of infrastructure One way is to adopt the Green Growth, which is an approach to pursuing economic growth necessary for enhancing quality of life, while simultaneously minimizing pressure on the environment’s limited carrying capacity This should be done by improving eco-efficiency of infrastructure development or creating more value with fewer resources and less impact or doing more with less

30. The definition of the term Sustainable Infrastructure encompasses Infrastructure Renewal Long Term Economical Analysis of Infrastructure, e.g. Life Cycle Analysis, Ecological Foot Printing Modeling of land use and transportation for assessments of policies on emissions, energy use and reduce infrastructure costs The protection of existing infrastructure from environmental degradation, e.g. reservation of historical masonry buildings Material selection for sustainability – quality, durability and energy conservation Making better use of so called waste water and materials The re-design of infrastructure in light of global climate change The remediation of environmentally damaged soils and water

31. The principles of sustainable development are Minimizing the use of non-renewable resources Minimizing impacts on the natural environment Protecting bio-diversity Using renewable resources in a sustainable manner

32. Eco-efficiency is achieved by the delivery of competitively prized goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life, while progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity through out the life cycle to a level at least in line with the earth’s estimated carrying capacity

33. Infrastructural development plays an important role in determining environmental sustainability since it freezes consumption pattern for decades to come. For example, developing highways in preference to mass transit systems implies heavy future fossil fuel demand for personal mode for transport and continuous growth of green house gas emissions Need for greater integration of different development stages. Infrastructure development generally consists of several key stages Planning Design Construction Operation Re-cycling and disposal Sustainable infrastructure could be seen as designing and maintaining buildings, structures and other facilities with an eye towards the source conservation over the life of the infrastructure. It also means testing new materials and practice that leave lighter impacts on environment yet are effective

34. The rise in income in many cities has produced dramatic increase in Per capita car ownership Per capita waste generation Per capita levels of water use Energy consumption Sewerage and industrial waste Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization > tremendous pressure on urban infrastructure > requires its expansion > greater pressure on the environment. Greater transport efficiency caused by rapid motorization in many countries > higher efficiency in productive activities > facilitating the development of industries and expanding national economies. Transportation problems today seems to relate more to having Too much rather than too little Too much traffic Too much pollution Too many accidents and Too much to maintain Car ownership, rail & bus commuting and air travel all keep growing faster than the basic infrastructure to support them

35. Eco-deficiency varies with each transport mode. A comparative analysis of different modes of transport focuses on energy consumptionandair pollution, especially of public and private transport. Public transport in general and rail in particular is more eco-efficient than private vehicle. Congestion and its assessment in the economic terms by different agencies and at different places have shown that congestion costs lead to significant losses in the gross domestic product of some cities. Other factors that have contributed to the growing congestion include the existence of Too many narrow Poorly maintained roads Piece meal road development Lack of road connectivity Oversupply of curbside kiosks and hawkers, resulting in spillover of pedestrians and activities in to streets In sufficient off-street parking; lack of land-use controls resulting in poor location of many traffic generating developments Minimal enforcement of traffic rules which reduce vehicle speed and decrease road capacity

36. The measures and activities to improve eco-efficiencies in transport infrastructure may be guided by the following principles Increase the use of public transit Encourage walking, cycling an other non-motorized transportation mode Restrict the use of automobiles Develop land use plans that minimized the need for travel Depending on economic and geographical conditions, planners may also consider investing in new rail lines, bus systems and the development of methodologies to estimate traffic congestion costs that include environmental and social aspects

37. The construction of large dams, highways & land reclamation not only displaces communities but also endangers species that are endemic in the construction area. Building a dam for flood control and hydro power may provide significant economic benefits to the people in the community. However, constructing the dam would require extensive logging in the area and reservoir so created will most likely destroy natural habitats. Other possible threats of dam projects to public safety and environmental degradation include soil erosion, loss of wildlife, changes in the water table etc. Similarly while the completion of a highway in to rural areas would greatly increase the volume of trade in their areas while reducing transport costs but it does not come without a price on disturbance to the natural habitat as it requires input materials which are procured by mining, extensive logging and disturbance to natural drainage path besides a general interruption in the ecological balance of the area. The location, alignment and size of such infrastructure if decided after extensive survey of the topography & ecology of the area and its in depth evaluation will enhance the sustainability.

38. Water, waste water and solid waste management infrastructure are environmental infrastructure which are characterized as high degree of public goods with intangible values and externalities. The development of technology and enhancement of public awarenesscan provide opportunity for improved efficiency, e.g. water saving, waste water reuse technology and community based management in solid waste reused and recycling

39. THANK YOU