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I dentifying predictors of non-reporting in NCAA (DI,DII,DIII) Women’s collegiate soccer athletes

I dentifying predictors of non-reporting in NCAA (DI,DII,DIII) Women’s collegiate soccer athletes. Cassie Glodowski Candidate for Master’s of Science in Athletic Training Weber State University Mentor: Dr. Jordan Utley. Introduction.

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I dentifying predictors of non-reporting in NCAA (DI,DII,DIII) Women’s collegiate soccer athletes

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  1. Identifying predictors of non-reporting in NCAA (DI,DII,DIII) Women’s collegiate soccer athletes Cassie Glodowski Candidate for Master’s of Science in Athletic Training Weber State University Mentor: Dr. Jordan Utley

  2. Introduction • In the US alone 1.7 million will suffer a TBI (McCrea, 2004) • 75% of these are concussions or mild TBI (CDC, 2003) • 1.35 Million will report to an ER (McCrea, 2004) • 275,000 will be hospitalized (McCrea, 2004) • Soccer had highest incidence among women’s sports and second overall (Lincoln et al, 2011)

  3. Introduction to PROBLEM • Diagnosing a sport related concussion is considered the most elusive challenge that sports medicine clinicians face today • The problem is increased by athletes underreporting and masking symptoms • Only 47.3% who later admit to concussion/symptoms reported it (McCrea,2004) • Implications for Second-impact Syndrome • Chronic Post-concussion syndrome; early degenerative disease

  4. Introduction to the Problem • Studies show clear incidence in football due to full body contact (McCrea,2004) • Women’s sports and soccer are not often studied, however, contact exists • This study looks to determine if there is an underreporting of concussions and reasons for underreporting in NCAA DI,II,III women’s soccer

  5. Research Questions • Are concussions underreported in NCAA DI,DII,DIII Women’s soccer athletes? • Why are concussions underreported in NCAA DI,II,III women’s soccer athletes?

  6. Implications for Athletic Training • ATCs are most commonly called on to evaluate and manage concussions (McCrea, 2004) • 76.7% reported to ATC • If we as clinicians know the reasons concussions are not reported we can more effectively combat the problem

  7. Methods: Design & Subjects • Design • Survey study • Subjects • Participants will be a convenient sample of volunteers from the student investigators contact schools (Divisions I, II, III) • Age 18+ • Procedure • Each athlete will complete the survey during pre-season meetings with other forms

  8. Methods: Tools • Survey created by Broglio et al. (2010) • Valid & Reliable Instrument • Assesses Concussion incidence and reasons for not reporting • Demographic Form • age, position on field, year in school, division of school

  9. Methods: Variables • Independent Variables of Interest • Position on field • Year in school • Division of school • Dependent Variables • Self reported concussion rate • Self Reported incidence of unreported concussion rate • Reasons for underreporting

  10. Limitations/Delimitations • Limitations • Not random sample; limits generalizability • Survey completion and return • Assume all athlete’s answer honestly • Athlete’s knowledge of what is considered a concussion or concussion symptom • Delimitations • Only Women’s Soccer Teams • Only athletes that student-investigator has contact with

  11. Hypothesis • H0: Concussions and concussion like symptoms are reported when they occur in NCAA (DI,DII,DIII) Women’s soccer • H1: Concussions are underreported in NCAA DI,II,III Women’s Soccer • Rationale • Athletes are afraid of losing playing time • Athletes are afraid of letting the team down • The athlete’s coach influenced them to not report • The Athlete didn’t believe the symptoms were severe enough • The athlete didn’t believe that the sports medicine staff had the proper tools to evaluate and treat the concussion.

  12. Timeline • Spring 2013 • IRB approval • Survey and Demographic Forms created in packet • Summer 2013: Begin data collection • August • Convenient sampling of 60-80 athletes • Athletes complete survey and return to contact person at each school • Fall 2013 • September-November: Statistical Analysis • Nov 1st: Submit to NATA Student exchange track • March 2013: Manuscript written/Poster created

  13. References • McCrea M, Hammeke T, Olsen G, et al. Unreported Concussion in High School Football Players. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine. 2004: 4(1) 13-17. • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Report to Congress on mild traumatic brain injury in the United States: steps to prevent a serious public health problem. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2003. • Lincoln AE, Caswell SV, Almquist JL, et al. Trends in Concussion Incidence in High School Sports. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011 (XX)X 1-6. • Broglio SP, Vagnozzi R, Sabin M, et al. Concussion occurrence and knowledge in Italian football. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2010: 9, 418-430.

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