Preparing a CCLS Performance Task in Science

1. Preparing a CCLS Performance Task in Science Gary Carlin, CFN 603 Session 5: Thursday, April 11, 2013 Academy for Scholarship & Entrepreneurship 8:30-10:30 am

2. Session Five Agenda • Performance Task • Rubric • Student Work • Review/Analysis

3. Performance Task

4. CCLS Reading Standard 1 & 10Anchor Standards • 1. Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text. • 10. Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.

5. Observations & Inferences

6. Citing Textual Evidence

7. Grade 9-10 R Band • 1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to the precise details of explanations or descriptions. • 10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend science/technical texts in the grades 9–10 text complexity band independently and proficiently.

8. ANALYSIS • Detailed examination of the elements or structure of something • Study the nature of something (concept, process, problem, investigation) to determine its essential features (parts) and their function, relationship (to each other and the “whole”) and/or their value (+/). • Use to make a Conclusion

9. Providing Initial Text • Rigor and Differentiation • Provide Multiple Texts (Choice) – Coded (color) • Determine Lexile Levels (Lexile.com) • Reflect Concepts, Skills and Vocabulary of MST Standards • Opposing Positions, Viewpoints, Beliefs, etc.

10. Search for New Text • Additional Evidence • More Precise Details • Clarify Complex Ideas/Reasoning • Address Limitations • Check Validity/Quality of Evidence • Different Position/Purpose/Style/Tone

11. CCLS Writing Standard 1Anchor Standard • 1. Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

12. Grade 9-10 W Band • 1. Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content. • a. Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among the claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. • b. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying data and evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both claim(s) and counterclaims in a discipline-appropriate form and in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level and concerns. • c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims. • d. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. • e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from or supports the argument presented.

13. Claim/Counterclaim

14. What’s the Relationship between … • Claims and Reasons • Reasons and Evidence • Claims and Counterclaims

15. Creating a Performance Task?

16. LE - MC • In 2007, scientists broke open a fossil of a dinosaur bone and found some preserved tissues. Analysis showed that some proteins in these tissues are very similar to proteins found in modern chickens. The conclusion that these dinosaurs are related to modern chickens is based on • (1) molecular similarities(2) natural selection(3) similarities in behavior(4) the occurrence of mutations

17. Sample LE Performance Task • Recent evidence suggest that dinosaurs are most closely related to birds. Yet, your high school science textbook does not include this information. So you want to write a letter to the publisher that makes this claim with relevant and sufficient evidence so they will include this information in their next Living Environment textbook edition

18. Or … for an Argument“Accepted Answer” • Write an argument that uses evidence to establish your position that dinosaurs are more closely related to reptiles than birds or they are more closely related to birds than reptiles.

19. LE - MC • People have been warned about the dangers of excessive exposure to radiation during certain medical procedures. The most likely reason for this warning is that radiation exposure might • (1)  result in gene mutations and uncontrolled cell growth • (2)  cause the rejection of transplanted organs • (3)  increase body temperature by two to five degrees • (4)  prevent the transport of materials into cells

20. Sample LE Performance Task • As a volunteer at hospital you notice that some young patients are exposed to excessive radiation during their medical procedure. Therefore, you want to create a brochure that educates high school age students on the dangers of excessive exposure (even they are often told it is safe) to radiation and how to calculate and minimize their exposure levels.

21. Or … • Write an argument that exposure to radiation from medical procedures is safe or is not safe.

22. LE -MC • For those individuals who have an allergic reaction to cats, a company in Los Angeles promises relief. They offer a new line of cats genetically modified to eliminate or reduce their allergy-causing properties. The development of this new line of cats most likely involved • (1)  using natural selection to produce a new variety of cat • (2)  altering the reproductive rate of cats • (3)  changing the behavior of cats • (4)  manipulating the DNA of cats

23. Sample LE Performance Task • Write an argument that producing genetically modified animals and plants should or should not be banned.

24. LE - MC • Growing exotic (nonnative) plant species in parks and gardens could lead directly to an increase in the • (1)  biodiversity of the autotrophs that feed on them • (2)  populations of native carnivores • (3)  competition between them and native producers • (4)  breeding between them and native herbivores

25. Sample LE Performance Task • Last summer you worked in the City Parks as a high school student volunteer and you spent most of the summer removing exotic non-native plant species. Write an argument for you fellow students who are considering becoming Park volunteers as to why you believe it is important to remove exotic species from our local parks.

26. LE - CR • A student wants to bake the biggest loaf of bread in the local baking contest. Each contestant must use the same amounts of flour, sugar, and yeast, but is allowed to vary the type of sugar. Yeast is a microorganism that carries out cellular respiration, which produces carbon dioxide, making the bread rise. The student designs an experiment using the setup below to determine which sugar source (glucose, sucrose, or fructose) will cause the yeast to produce the most carbon dioxide and therefore, the biggest loaf of bread.

27. Sample Performance Task • You want to bake the biggest loaf of bread in a local baking contest sponsored by Arnold Breads. Each contestant must use the same amounts of flour, salt and water but is allowed to vary the type of yeast and sugar. Research, design and carry out an experiment that will test your hypothesis. And prepare a scientific paper that will be presented at the contest.

28. LE – Local Connection • Write an argument on why Hunts point is or is not a good location for a Sewage Treatment Plant

29. ES - MC • What evidence suggests that a mass extinction of the dinosaurs occurred at the end of the Cretaceous Period? • (1)  an absence of dinosaur fossils in Paleocene bedrock • (2)  drawings of dinosaurs made by humans in caves during the Paleocene Epoch • (3)  an abundance of dinosaur fossils in Early Cretaceous bedrock • (4)  evolution of dinosaurs during the Late Cretaceous Epoch

30. Sample ES Performance Task“Multiple Theories” • Write an argument that supports that dinosaur extinction was either due to asteroids or climate change.

31. ES - MC • Which information best supports the inference that the universe began with an explosion? • (1)  measurements of rates of decay using carbon-14 • (2)  measurements of cosmic background radiation • (3)  calculations of the distance from the Sun to each asteroid in the asteroid belt • (4)  calculations of the temperature and luminosity of stars

32. Sample Performance Task • You need to write an article for the school science journal that takes the position the that the universe began with an explosion. Your article should include all the relevant information scientists have used in making this inference so you can convince your fellow students that this is the “best inference” based on the evidence.

33. ES -CR •  Identify the present-day features that prevents the Allegheny River from returning to its earlier (Neogene) direction of flow to the northwest.

34. Sample ES Performance Task •  In order to take a two class trip to Florida, your Earth Science teacher has required that you write an argument that will convince your other classmates that the present-day Allegheny River in New York cannot return to its earlier (Neogene) direction of flow. If your argument successfully convinces 75% of your classmates he will sign your trip form.

35. ES -MC • Evidence that Earth revolves around the Sun is provided by the • (1)  apparent rising and setting of the Sun during one day • (2)  apparent rising and setting of Polaris during one day • (3)  seasonal changes in the apparent positions of constellations • (4)  hourly changes in the apparent direction of the swing of a Foucault pendulum

36. Sample ES Performance Task • You must prepare a report that explains how early scientists first challenged the belief that the Sun revolved around Earth and how that evidence differs from the evidence of modern scientists.

37. ES - CR • El Niño conditions occur with a buildup of warm water in the equatorial Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America. The immediate cause of this buildup is a change in air pressure that weakens the southern trade winds. These are the planetary winds that move air from 30° S to the equator. Normally, these strong, steady winds, with the help of their counterparts in the Northern Hemisphere, push equatorial water westward away from South America. But, at intervals of two to seven years, these winds weaken, causing the westward water flow to reverse. This results in an accumulation of unusually warm water on the east side of the equatorial Pacific Ocean. This warm water not only changes the characteristics of the air above it, but also is thought to be the cause of weather changes around the world. El Niño conditions may last only a few months, but often last a year or two.

38. Sample ES Performance TaskEl Ninos • Write an argument that uses evidence to support the theory that El Niños are produced from heat drained from the equatorial oceans after a period of accumulation or that El Niños are triggered by random events occurring in other parts of the climate system, and suggests that we will never be able to predict them.

39. ES Content TopicEarthquakes • Write an argument that either supports the idea that predicting earthquakes is still relatively pure guess work or they can be accurately predicted with seismology.

40. ES Content TopicGlaciers • Write an argument that the behavior of glaciers are or are not good indicators of global warming.

41. Chemistry - MC • Which element has chemical properties that are most similar to the chemical properties of fluorine? • (1) boron (3) neon • (2) chlorine (4) oxygen

42. Chemistry Sample Performance Task • Write an argument that the chemical properties of Chlorine are more closely related to _______ than ______ .

43. Chemistry -MC • Which compound is soluble in water? • (1) PbS (3) Na2S • (2) BaS (4) Fe2S3

44. Chemistry Sample Performance Task • Write an argument with supporting evidence that describes why _______ is more soluble in water than ______ .

45. Chemistry Sample Performance Task • Which element has atoms that can bond to each other in rings and networks? • (1) aluminum • (2) hydrogen • (3) carbon • (4) oxygen

46. Chemistry Sample Performance Task • Write an argument that claims that _______ structures in molecules are stronger than ______ structures.

47. Chemistry Sample Performance Task • Write an argument that claims that more active metals make “better” or don’t make “better” voltaic cells than less active metals.

48. Chemistry Sample Performance Task • Write an argument that claims that nuclear reactors are safe/unsafe and therefore Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant in Long Island should be opened or remained closed.

49. Sample Chem Performance Task • Write an argument that cast iron pans are better or worse at conducting heat than dual metal pans (stainless steel with a copper disc).

50. Sample Chem Performance Task • Write an argument that claims that Tums is a better or worse over the counter antacid than Milk of Magnesia.