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Phrases and Clauses. Phrases. Prepositional Phrase - begins with a preposition and ends with an object, which is either a noun or a pronoun. It adds information to a sentence by modifying another word in the sentence. Sometimes it modifies the object.
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Phrases • Prepositional Phrase - begins with a preposition and ends with an object, which is either a noun or a pronoun. It adds information to a sentence by modifying another word in the sentence. Sometimes it modifies the object. • The birds in the aviary flew into the trees. • We saw them fly across our path through the woods.
Phrases • Participial Phrase - made up of a participle (present has "ing" endings, past ends in “en” or "ed") and all of its modifiers. It may contain objects, modifiers, and prepositional phrases. The whole thing acts as an adjective. • Waiting patiently in the line, people chatted. • This is the photo taken at our family reunion. • Jae gulped down his pizza running for the train.
Phrases • Infinitive Phrase - is made up of an infinitive (a verb preceded by the word "to") and all of its complements and may contain one or more prepositional phrases. • To land on the moon was once a dream. • Several friends will help (to) repair the barn. • To explain itto the children will be hard.
Phrases • Gerund Phrase - is made up of a gerund (a verb that ends in an "ing" and acts like a noun) and its complements. It functions like a noun. • Walking the dog is Zach’s responsibility. • Laura doesn’t mind taking her little sister to practice. • Putting a label on a can of food is complicated.
Clauses • Adverbial Clause - a subordinate clause that functions as an adverb. It modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It tells how, how much, when, where, why, to what extent or under what circumstances. Even though John hurt his ankle, he won the race. The house is quiet when it is empty. Gail arrived much later than she planned.
Clauses • Adjective Clause - a subordinate clause that functions as an adjective. It modifies a noun or pronoun. It follows the word it modifies and begins with either a relative pronoun (that, which, whom, those, who, whose) or a relative adverb (when and where.) • She is the teacher whom I most respect. • The chef who prepared the meal deserves a medal. • This is the coat that I ordered.
