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Survival and Sparsely Settled Areas

Survival and Sparsely Settled Areas. Presented by Michel Leduc Transport Canada, System Safety. Michel Leduc System Safety Specialist System Safety 700 Leigh Capreol Dorval QC H4Y 1G7 Tel.: 514 633-3484 Fax.: 514 633-3705 leducmi@tc.gc.ca. Knowledge Update. CARs Standard 421.05.

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Survival and Sparsely Settled Areas

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  1. Survival and Sparsely Settled Areas Presented by Michel Leduc Transport Canada, System Safety

  2. Michel Leduc System Safety Specialist System Safety 700 Leigh Capreol Dorval QC H4Y 1G7 Tel.: 514 633-3484 Fax.: 514 633-3705 leducmi@tc.gc.ca

  3. Knowledge Update CARs Standard 421.05 • TC seminar • Recurrent training program approved by TC • PPC • New or renewed annotation • Written exam • Flight review with an instructor • Self-training: • Aviation Safety Letter or, • http://www.tc.gc.ca/CivilAviation/SystemSafety/newsletters/tp185/menu.htm

  4. Progression Sparsely Settled Areas Hierarchy of Needs Threats to Survival Survival Equipment Readiness Resources

  5. Progression Sparsely Settled Areas Hierarchy of Needs Threats to Survival Survival Equipment Readiness Resources

  6. Sparsely Settled Areas • A sparsely settled area is not a defined geographic area • The pilot is responsible for deciding what survival equipment will be brought on board to comply with the regulations

  7. Sparsely Settled Area A.I.P. Canada Air 2.14 Less accessible Less flight information available Weather data NAVAIDs Fuel supply Food and lodging Maintenance installation

  8. Progression Sparsely Settled Areas Hierarchy of Needs Threats to Survival Survival Equipment Readiness Resources

  9. Hierarchy of Needs

  10. Physiological Breathing Maintaining the body’s temperature Avoiding pain Eating Drinking Sleeping “Evacuating”

  11. Safety Having a shelter Having supplies Not feeling threatened To be safe from dangers Mainly about fears

  12. Love Not being excluded Need of love

  13. Esteem Recognition Self respect Social ranking Consideration

  14. Self Actualization To transcend or surpass Achieve Improve oneself

  15. Hierarchy of Needs

  16. Progression Sparsely Settled Areas Hierarchy of Needs Threats to Survival Survival Equipment Readiness Resources

  17. Threats to Survival Hunger Cold Fatigue Thirst Loneliness Pain Boredom

  18. Hunger 3 weeks without food 4 000 to 6 000 kJ/day (1 000 to 1 500 Cal) Headache Aggressiveness Incoherence Moral

  19. Hunger !!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!! Supplies for 24 to 48 hours Avoid chocolate and other sources of sugars, choose energy bars (sport centre, outdoor store) with a high protein content instead Be careful with dehydrated food, they will make you thirsty!

  20. Cold 85% of body heat is lost from the head Numbing Inability to think Loss of will Increases fatigue levels

  21. Cold Temperature lower at night in rural regions Humidity makes you feel colder You CAN die from hypothermia

  22. Cold !!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!! Have a supply of blankets or sleeping bags Build a fire Don’t keep wet clothing on; stay dry Build a shelter Physical activity Human warmth

  23. Fatigue Lack of attention, carelessness Leads to giving up Incoherence Injuries Aggravates the situation Increases with stress

  24. Fatigue !!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!! Sleep !!! Take turns Maintain a heat source Secure site Stay in good physical condition

  25. Thirst 3 days without water Loose 2 to 3 litres per day Aggravated by sickness, vomiting, diarrhoea and blood loss

  26. Thirst !!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!! Have a flask with at least 1L of liquid Purification devices: Pump, drops, tablets Boil it DO NOT DRINK URINE

  27. Thirst !!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!! Manage perspiration Find shade Breathe through the nose instead of through the mouth Digestion requires water Avoid alcohol

  28. Loneliness Deceitful and unpredictable Refers to mental Left out, abandoned Leads to insanity

  29. Loneliness !!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!! Radio Imaginary friend

  30. Pain Requires energy Can prevent from seeing to other needs So intense it can lead losing the “will to live”

  31. Pain !!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!! Avoid injuries and sicknesses Have a first aid kit and know how to use it! Carry medication such as Insulin or an “EpiPen”

  32. Boredom Tied with loneliness Mind not busy enough Plays with imagination

  33. Boredom !!! SOLUTION SUGGESTIONS !!! Work around camp Look for water, food and fuel Deck of cards Imaginary friend

  34. Fight the Threats Hunger Cold Fatigue Thirst Loneliness Pain Boredom

  35. Progression Sparsely Settled Areas Hierarchy of Needs Threats to Survival Survival Equipment Readiness Resources

  36. TC Requirements CAR 602.61 - Light a fire - Provide shelter - Provide or purify water - Send visual distress signals See also A.I.P. Canada: AIR 4.13 AIR Annex

  37. TC Requirements One must consider Geographic location Season Climatic changes

  38. Survival Kit Example THIS LIST IS ONLY AN EXAMPLE, FEEL FREE TO ADD WHATEVER YOU THINK IS USEFUL! - Safety matches, lighter, candles - Tarpaulin, garbage bag, wool blanket - Flask, pump, purifying caplets - Mirror, flashlight, flares - Survival rations, camping burner

  39. Progression Sparsely Settled Areas Hierarchy of Needs Threats to Survival Survival Equipment Readiness Resources

  40. Readiness Plan flight according to what is available - Weather info - NAVAIDs - NOTAMs - Emergency plan

  41. Readiness File a flight plan or a flight itinerary Follow the flight plan Broadcast your position - regularly - every time you change heading Close the flight plan

  42. Readiness Pilot readiness - Training - Awareness - Verification - Practice

  43. Readiness Passengers’ readiness - Briefing and written procedures - Risk awareness - Leadership - Rehearsal

  44. Are you dressed for survival?

  45. Readiness Clothing - Long sleeves - Fall jacket - Walking shoes - Winter clothes or bug net Knife, whistle, lighter and energy bar in pockets

  46. Readiness Emergency broadcast on actual frequency and on 121.5, in English and French, without expecting an answer ELT on “ON”, make sure that it is working, and position it so as to maximize its range—do not turn it off! Transponder on 7 700 Stay close to aircraft if possible

  47. Progression Sparsely Settled Areas Hierarchy of Needs Threats to Survival Survival Equipment Readiness Resources

  48. Resources A.I.P. Canada SAR 4.8 AIR 2.14 AIR 4.13 AIR Annex CFS Section A Section F

  49. Resources Satellite phones : http://www.iridium.com http://www.infosat.com Phone number Trenton : 1 800 267-7270

  50. Resources http://www.safeguard.ca/english/publications/woods-e.html http://www.airforce.forces.ca/17wing/squadron/cfssat_e.cfm http://www.ecole-manitou.com/ http://www.pomm.com/survie/ http://www.taklamakan.net/fr/pratique/survie.html SAS Survival Guide - ISBN: 0 00 472302-3

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