Shapes and Properties

Shapes and Properties Architecture is the hands... We are the clay... Presented by: Cardozo, Gabriela Chaibud, Victoria Velázquez, Marcos http://ltg.homelinux.org/~cesar/files/Shapes.ppt

How can forms be described and classified? What are the most common shapes founded in our homes and classroom? How can architects nowadays create forms?

Geometric Shapes Basic Shapes Circle Polygon Solids Cube Prism Cylinder Sphere Organic Shapes

Basic Shapes Circle We can communicate with other people through spoken language, which is the result of mixing basic elements like letter, words, phrases etc. That generates complex communication systems. But that is not the only way to communicate, the visual communication is other way, and also is the result of mixing some basic elements like point, line and plane, these elements create several shapes. These shapes can be categorized in geometric and organic. We can separate geometric shapes in basic shapes and solids. Basic shapes are all those essential forms that can generate the rest of shapes making some variation on some of their components. These can be Circles, Triangles and Quadrilaterals. Polygon

Basic Shapes Circle One of the most useful geometric shapes is the circle. It plays a vital part in our lives—in wheels, in all sorts of containers, in machine parts, in design, and in architecture. The circle provides the most economical form of shelter. Round houses are used in the Arctic and at the equator. Polygon A circle is the set of points in a plane equidistant from a fixed point in the plane called the center. The circle receives its name from the center.

Basic Shapes Circle Polygons are evident in all architecture. They provide variation and charm in buildings. When applied to manufactured articles such as printed fabrics, wallpapers, and tile flooring, polygons enhance the beauty of the structure itself. Polygon Triangle The word polygon is derived from the Greek words meaning many angles. A polygon is a closed plane figure formed by three or more line segments which intersect only at their endpoints. Quadrilaterals

Basic Shapes Circle A triangle is a polygon that has three sides. The triangle is the simplest and one of the most familiar of all polygons. It is used in construction and design of every description. Polygon Triangle We see it in the framework of buildings and bridges. Because it is a rigid figure, the shape of a triangle cannot be changed when pressure is applied to it. For this reason the triangle provides an excellent support for many structures. Quadrilaterals

Basic Shapes Circle A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides. The most common quadrilaterals are the parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, and trapezoid. It is a very familiar polygon used in architecture. Ceilings, floors, walls, windows and doors usually are quadrilaterals. Polygon Triangle Quadrilaterals

Solid Cube They are in the field of three-dimensional shapes. Solids are composed figures. The most basics solids are cube, prism, cylinder and sphere. Prism Cylinder Sphere

Solid Cube Is a block with all right angles and whose height, width and depth are all the same. Something that is shaped like a cube is sometimes referred to as cubic. This solid is a combination of squares. Prism Cylinder Sphere

Solid Cube Is a polyhedron with two congruent and parallel faces (the bases) and whose lateral faces are parallelograms. Two of the most known prisms are triangular and rectangular, which depend on the shape of the parallel faces. If the base of a triangular prism is a square it is called a pyramid. Prism Cylinder Sphere

Solid Cube A cylinder is a solid object that has a circular base and a height. If a cylinder is cut parallel to the base the resulting shape (called a cross-section) would be a circle of the same shape. A deformed cylinder on one of the extremes, united as an apex it is called a cone Prism Cylinder Sphere

Solid Cube Points in the 3 dimentional space which are uniformly and symmetrically allocated at a fixed distance, called radius of the sphere. A sphere is a shape in space that is like the surface of a ball . Also a cross section of a sphere is a circle. Prism Cylinder Sphere

Organic Shapes Have no pattern to classify or relate them with geometrical forms. Most of the time they try to imitate nature, as an abstract way. In the wide field of architecture there have been a constant need to create new forms or transform the existent ones. There are no rules to create organic shapes, because each architectural project have different conditions and requirements. The shape tried to obtain will depend on the physic characteristics of spaces, which will give us the tools to make the most appropriate organic shape.

When we initially look at a building, we see geometric solids. We see a myriad of rectangular prisms, the workhorses of architecture, along with triangular prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones, and spheres. Sometimes these solids are combined with each other to form complex structures. This relationship between geometric solids is especially noticeable in roof shapes. While the basic building shape may be a rectangular prism, the roof may be a triangular prism. It could consist of additional triangular prisms along with rectangular prisms, spheres or cones that may project beyond and/or above the roof.

Shapes and Properties