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Theoretical Foundation

Theoretical Foundation. Instructional Media. Educational technology is any technology that is used to support teaching and learning. Educational Technology.

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Theoretical Foundation

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  1. Theoretical Foundation Instructional Media

  2. Educational technology is any technology that is used to support teaching and learning

  3. Educational Technology • ISTE’s NETS-T and NETS-S standards articulate that educators must acquire a broad range of methods and skills to enhance teaching and support learning with technology effectively

  4. What is learning? • Learning Theories: • Theory into Practice (TIP) • http://tip.psychology.org • Check your learning style: http://www.engr.ncsu.edu/learningstyles/ilsweb.html

  5. About Learning • Variety of theories explain how we learn • Each theory offers a different perspective or view as to how learning occurs • Some theories may be contradictory • Teachers must decide on theory for themselves

  6. Learning Theories Learning as Communication • Knowledge is transferred from sender to receiver • Receiver returns feedback to sender • Sender receives feedback • Variables may alter intended meaning.

  7. Learning Theories Learning as Communication

  8. Learning Theories Factors Affection Communication

  9. Learning Theories Environmental Factors • Any factor that may cause a learner to lose focus • Can block communications • Lighting, movement, temperature may interfere with communications

  10. Learning Theories Psychological Factors • Individual differences that define and impact communicated information • Emotional state may interfere with message reception • Learning styles may interfere with transmission

  11. Learning Theories Personal Filters • Individual’s values, heritage, and belief system • May include attitudes, cultural differences, and opinions • Filters are present in both sender and receiver

  12. Learning Theories Learning Theories Overview • Behaviorism • Cognitivism • Constructivism

  13. Learning Theories Behaviorist’s Perspective • All behavior is a response to external stimuli • Students learn in response to rewards and punishments • Learning is a passive response to the environment

  14. Learning Theories Cognitivist’s Perspective • Focus is on learning as a mental operation • Information enters through senses Learning is explained by how one thinks • Believe learning is more complex than behaviorist responses

  15. Learning Theories Constructivist’s Perspective • Knowledge is constructed as a result of the learning process • Learning occurs when knowledge is assimilated or accommodated (Piaget) • Knowledge may be constructed best in a social context

  16. Learning Theories Cognitive Styles • Manner in which one thinks and interprets the environment • Myers-Briggs helps determine cognitive preferences • Understanding cognitive styles helps teachers create supportive environments

  17. Learning Theories Myers-Briggs Cognitive Types

  18. Learning Theories Learning Styles • Conditions under which one learns best • Relates to individual sensory dominance • Auditory learners learn best by listening • Visual learners learn best by seeing • Kinesthetic/Tactile learners learn best by doing and touching

  19. The Learner Intelligence • Inherent capabilities to learn and understand • Standford-Binet tests emphasize logical/mathematical and verbal capabilities • Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences emphasizes multiple capabilities

  20. Verbal-Linguistic Mathematical-Logical Visual-Spatial Bodily-Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic Existential Musical The Learner Multiple Intelligences

  21. The Learner Multiple Intelligences

  22. Teaching and Learning • Teaching = a systematic, planned sequence of events • A process that communicates ideas/skills • Takes into account individual and environmental factors • Aware of learning theories & learner characteristics

  23. Teaching and Learning • Technology: a component of the teaching/learning process • Educational technology includes resources that facilitate teaching/learning • This view of technology has evolved • It’s consistent with evolution of learning theories

  24. Teaching and Learning • Teaching and learning work together • Holistic planning is the key to effective learning • Educational technologies selected after planning completedto enhance instruction

  25. Educational Technology An Historical Overview • Began in the early 1900s with movies • Slides, radio, sound recordings were added in the 1920s-1930s • Television drove audio-visuals in the 1950s

  26. Educational Technology An Historical Overview • 1960s: A-V expanded to a broader systems view • 1970s: educational technology redefined and expanded further to include all technologies • 1980s: educational technology entered the Digital Age

  27. Educational Technology Time Chart

  28. Educational Technology An Historical Overview • Quill Pens and Slates • Wall Charts • Models • Films • Radio

  29. Educational Technology An Historical Overview • ITV • Personal Computer • CAI • Computer Based Technology • Virtual Reality

  30. Educational Technology Today • Holistic view • All media and systems that support teaching/learning • Teachers must decide how to best utilize technology

  31. Reference • McDonald, J. B. & Lever-Duffy, J. (2008). Teaching and learning with technology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

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