AHSGE Quick Facts

1. AHSGE Quick Facts

2. Study for Fast Fact Quiz!!! • Get out a clean sheet of paper for the Quiz • Get out your Revivalists and Utopian packet to use after the Quiz

3. Take out the starter sheet from yesterday!! • Get together with your group from yesterday!!! • Complete the side labeled The Constitution today!!!!! • Be ready to discuss!!!

4. Wars: French and Indian War • AKA: Seven Years War • Who: British and Colonists vs. French and Natives • When: 1754-1763 • Ended: Treaty of Paris 1763 • Result: British won but heavy debt caused by the war forced the British to tax the colonist heavily.

5. Wars: Revolutionary War • Who: British vs. American Colonies • When: 1775-1781 • Major Generals: George Washington (Americas) • Ended: Treaty of Paris 1783 • Result: Won by colonist, gave America its independence. • Key Battles: Lexington and Concord(1st battle); Bunker Hill (won by British but Brits suffered huge losses); Saratoga (turning point); Yorktown (final battle)

6. War of 1812 • Who: U.S. vs. British • When: 1812-1814 • U. S. President during war: James Madison • Major General: Andrew Jackson (U.S.) • Ended by: Treaty of Ghent • Result: No one won the war, even though it was a moral victory for the United States and started strong feelings of nationalism. • Horseshoe Bend (ended creek war, Jackson defeated Tecumseh) ; Fort McHenry (Star Spangled Banner, Francis Scott Key); New Orleans (occurred after the war)

7. Mexican War • Who: U.S. vs. Mexico • When: 1846-1848 • James K. Polk was U.S. President during war • Major Generals: Zachary Taylor (U.S.); Santa Anna (Mexico) • Ended: Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo • Result: U.S. gained California and new Mexico, which completed the country’s goal of Manifest Destiny.

8. Civil War • Who: U.S. of America (North or Union) vs. Confederate States of America (South or confederacy) • When: 1861-1865 • U.S. President during war: Abe Lincoln • Confederate President during war: Jefferson Davis • Major Generals: US- Grant and Sherman; CSA- Lee and “Stonewall” Jackson • Ended: Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court house • Results: Slavery ended and union preserved • Key Battles: Sumter (started the war); First Bull Run (Mannassas won by CSA); Shiloh (20,000 killed w/no winner); Antietam )bloodiest battle of the war); Vicksburg (south lost control of the Mississippi); Gettysburg (turning point); Mobile Bay; Sherman’s March (included the burning of Atlanta)

9. Spanish American War • Who: US vs. Spain in the Caribbean and the Phillipines • When: 1898 • US President during war: William McKinley • Major soldiers: Theodore Roosevelt and his rough riders • Ended: Treaty w/ Spain in 1898 • Results: US gained Phillipines, Puerto Rico and Guam and became a world power.

10. World War I • AKA: The Great War • Who: Allies (Russia, France, Serbia, Great Britain, United States) vs. Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary) • When: 1914-1918 • U.S. President During War: Woodrow Wilson • Ended: Treaty of Versailles • Events: AH archduke Franz Ferdinand killed by Serbian Gavrilo Princip; Lusitania sunk; Zimmerman note written • Results: Europe was restructured, Germany was restructured but would rebuild under Adolf Hitler, and the League of Nations was put into place, even though the U.S. wasn’t a part of it.

11. World War II (Slide #1) • Who: Allies (Great Britain, France, USSR, US) vs. Axis Powers ( Germany, Italy, Japan) • When 1939-1945 • US Presidents during war: FDR and Truman • Major Generals and leaders: European allied commander Eisenhower; Pacific Commander: Macarthur; GB Prime Minister: Churchill; USSR leader: Stalin; Italian leader: Mussolini; German leader Hitler; Japanese leader: Tojo • Ended: V-E day: Allied victory in Europe May 8, 1945; V-J Day Allied victory in Japan Aug. 14, 1945

12. WWII Continued (Slide #2) • Major Battles: D-Day: allied liberation of France in Normandy; Atomic bomb used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Aug. 6th and 9th, 1945 by U.S. on Japan; Dec. 7 1941 Japan invades Pearl Harbor • Results: Introduced weapons of mass destruction; Split Germany; introduced United Nations

13. AHSGE Standard I • Crusades: European movement that resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and Asian goods after a failed attempt to take away the Holy Lands from the Muslims. • Renaissance: European movement that resulted in new art, technology, and a return to classical thought. • Reformation: Movement in Europe that resulted in the rise of the protestant religion; Led by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses. • Columbian Exchange: Global transfer of food, plants, animals, and disease after the colonization of the Americas.

14. AHSGE Standard I • Conquistadors: Spanish explorers that sought God, Gold, and Glory. • St. Augustine: 1st American settlement by Europeans. • Jamestown: 1st successful English settlement in the new world; 1607 • House of Burgesses: Legislature of the Virginia colony; 1st representative government in the New World. • Taxation: Main reason the American colonies protested against British rule.

15. AHSGE Standard I • French and Indian War: War that was responsible for forcing the English to tax the colonies, leading to the Revolutionary war. • Navigation Acts: Acts passed by George III to monitor trade in and out of the colonies. • Boston Massacre: Attack that occurred in Boston in 1770 resulting in 5 colonist being shot and killed by British troops.

16. AHSGE Standard I • Boston Tea Party: Protest by Bostonians in 1773 in reaction to the British passage of the Tea Act; This act was staged by the Sons of Liberty led by Samuel Adams. • Lexington and Concord: 1st battle of the American Revolution.

17. AHSGE Standard II • Magna Carta: Famous English document signed in 1215 by John I was the beginning point for representative government and protection of individual rights in England. • Social Contract Theory: Thomas Hobbes theory that was used by Jefferson while writing the Declaration of Independence that allows a single ruler to be in charge to maintain order. • John Locke: English philosopher that influenced Jeffferson when writing the Declaration of Independence; felt people shouldn’t give up natural rights for their freedom.

18. AHSGE Standard II • Montesquieu: French philosopher that came up with separation of powers. • Three Branch System • Checks and Balances • Great Awakening: Religious movement of increased activity that occurred in the colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s. • First Continental Congress: Meeting in Philadelphia called to discuss the unfair treatment of the colonies by Great Britain; Attended by 12 of the 13 colonies. • Second Continental Congress: Meeting called by the colonist in reaction to GB ignoring the 1st CC; Sent the Olive Branch Petition; Wrote the Declaration of Independence.

19. AHSGE Standard II • Declaration of Independence: Document written by Thomas Jefferson informing GB of colonial independence. • Articles of Confederation: The 1st body of laws that governed the U.S.; Created a loose confederacy. • Constitutional Convention: Convention held to replace the Articles of Confederation and create a more centralized government and a federal system.

20. AHSGE Standard II • Great Compromise: Agreement that the U.S. would have two houses in Congress • Three Fifths Compromise: Solution for counting slaves for representation purposes. • Federalism: The idea of sharing power between the national and the state governments. • Preamble: Opening paragraph of the constitution. • Elastic Clause: Idea that Congress has a broad range of power with a great deal of flexibility.

21. AHSGE Standard II • 13th Amendment: Abolished Slavery • 14th Amendment: Guarantees protection of the law for all citizens. • 15th Amendment: Gave the right to vote to African American males. • 19th Amendment: Gave women the right to vote. • Federalist Papers: Papers written by Jay, Hamilton, and Madison encouraging the passage of the Constitution. • Bill of Rights: 1st ten amendments of the constitution that were written to protect your individual rights. • Federalist: Supported the constitution as is. • Anti-Federalist or Democrat-Republicans: Supported the constitution only if it contained a Bill of Rights.

22. AHSGE Standard II • Alexander Hamilton: Developed an economic plan for the U.S. during the 1790’s. • George Washington: Led 1st colonial army; 1st president of U.S.; Warned Americans about competing political parties in his farewell address. • John Marshall: Served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years (longest term ever) and helped shape our national government; Declared that Supreme Court has the power of judicial review. • Marbury vs. Madison: Supreme court case that established Judicial Review.

23. Standard III • Boston Tea Party: Reaction of colonial group the sons of liberty led by Samuel Adams to the Tea Act; This bill resulted in the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts passed by the British Parliament. • Olive Branch Petition: Document sent by the colonist to George II of GB as a final attempt at peace by the colonist in 1775. • Patrick Henry: Revolutionary that gave the famous speech “give me liberty or give me death.” • Paul Revere: Made the famous ride warning the colonist that the Redcoats were coming.

24. Standard III • Saratoga: Turning point of the Revolutionary War; Resulted in France becoming an ally. • Valley Forge: Place where Washington’s troops camped during the harsh winter of 1777-1778 during the Revolutionary War. • Yorktown: Last major battle of the Revolutionary War; Cornwallis surrendered to Washington. • Treaty of Paris 1783: Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War; U.S. gained its independence because of this treaty.

25. Standard III • War of 1812: U.S. defeated Great Britain in a final attempt to regain U.S. territory. • Embargo Act: Law passed by Jefferson that disallowed U.S. to trade with other nations; led to War of 1812. • Impressment: Act of the British Navy forcing Americans into service. • Land Ordinance of 1785: Divided old Northwest Territory into townships. • Northwest Ordinance of 1787: disallowed slavery in the old northwest.

26. Standard III • Louisiana Purchase: Land bought by the U.S. from France for 15 mil. In 1803; Jefferson responsible for purchase; doubled the size of the U.S. • Lewis and Clark: Explorers hired by Jefferson to explore the western U.S. • Era of Good Feelings: Prosperous times post War of 1812; one political party. • Alabama: Became a U.S. state in the year 1819. • Missouri Compromise: Congressional agreement that allowed Missouri to become a slave state and Maine to become a free state.

27. Standard III • Monroe Doctrine: American foreign policy that was passed in 1823 and forbade European colonization in the Americas. • Indian Removal Act: The law that forced the five native southeast tribes to evacuate to the west to live on reservations; Occurred during Jackson’s tenure. • Trail of Tears: Event instated by the U.S. gov’t that forced the Cherokee Indians to march at gunpoint from Ga. To Ok.

28. Standard III • Four major trails used by the settlers in western U.S. • Santa Fe: Commercial and Military route • Oregon: Migratory Route • Mormon: Western Trail used by Mormon Church • California: Migratory route to gold mines • Texas Independence: Gained from Mexico in 1836 and later joined the U.S. • Manifest Destiny: Idea that the United States should extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

29. Standard III • Mexican War: 1846-1848 U.S. vs. Mexico; U.S. acquired California and New Mexico territories. • Seneca Falls Convention: 1st major womens rights convention held in the U.S.; Led by Elisabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott • The Liberator: Abolitionist literature produced by William Lloyd Garrison • The North Star: Abolitionist literature produced by Frederick Douglass • Underground Railroad: System set up by abolitionist to help slaves escape to freedom. • Harriet Tubman : Black woman who used the underground railroad to liberate hundreds of slaves.

30. Standard III • Dorothea Dix: Led prison reform movement in the U.S.; fought for reform in the mental health system. • Horace Mann: Led the educational reform movement in the U.S. in the 1800’s. • Utopian Societies: Communities developed which tried to make a perfect society. • Joseph Smith: founded the Mormon faith. • Brigham Young: Led the Mormons to Utah. • Ft. McHenry: War of 1812 battle that resulted in the protection of Baltimore and the inspiration for Francis Scott Key’s “Star Spangled Banner”

31. Standard III • Horseshoe Bend: War of 1812 battle where Jackson defeated the Creek Indians in Al. • New Orleans: War of 1812 battle where Jackson defeated the British after a truce had been called. • Gibbons v. Ogden: Supreme court case (under Marshall) which insured that national government controlled interstate commerce. • McCulloch v. Maryland: Supreme court case (under Marshall) which insured that the national bank was constitutional.

32. Standard III • Andrew Jackson: President that established the spoils system. • Spoils System: Practice where a political party gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit. • Nullification Crisis: South Carolina’s attempt to void the Tariff of 1832. • Transcendentalism: Group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century; Whitman, Emerson, and Thoreau

33. Standard IV • Compromise of 1850: Congressional solution that made California a free state and gave popular sovereignty to the New Mexico and Utah territories. • Popular Sovereignty: Belief that the laws of a state should be determined by the citizens of that state. • Fugitive Slave Law: Part of Compromise of 1850 that mandated the return of escaped slaves; this provision angered the northerners. • Kansas-Nebraska Act: Act supported by Stephen Douglas that gave popular sovereignty to the Kansas and Nebraska territories.

34. Standard IV • Republican Party: Political party formed in the 1850’s that supported the anti-slavery platform; also known as the party of Lincoln. • Dred Scott Decision: Famous case that upheld the right of slave owners as property holders and disallowed slaves to file court cases. • John Brown: Led an unsuccessful raid at Harper’s Ferry arsenal in an attempt to end slavery by any means. • Abe Lincoln: 16th President; Won election of 1860; President during Civil War; Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; Responsible for Emancipation Proclamation

35. Standard IV • South Carolina: 1st state to secede from the union. • Winston County: Alabama county that never seceded from the union. • Virginia: State that split over the decision to secede and eventually became two states. • 54th Massachusetts: Most famous black military units to fight in the Civil War. • Homestead Act: Act passes to encourage settlement in the west; passed during the Civil War. • Morill Land Grant Act: Act passed during the Civil War that granted large areas of land to the states from the federal government.

36. Standard IV • Emancipation Proclamation: Act passed by Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863 that granted freedom to all slaves. • Writ of Habeas Corpus: A person’s right to know for what they are being detained; this right was suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War. • Bull Run: 1st major battle of the Civil War. • Antietam: Bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War. • Gettysburg: Major defeat of Lee and the South in Pennsylvania. Bloodiest battle • Vicksburg: Major battle in Mississippi that resulted in a complete blockade of the south by the Union.

37. Standard IV • General Tecumseh Sherman: Union General that captured and burned Atlanta and continued southward to Savannah destroying everything in his path. • Gettysburg Address: Speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and one of the most quoted speeches in United States history. It was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. • Appomattox Court House: Location of Lee’s surrender to Grant thus ending the Civil War. • Reconstruction: Program initiated to return southern states to the Union, rebuild the South’s infrastructure, and protect the rights of the free blacks. • Black Codes: Laws passed by southern states in an attempt to undermine the Union.

38. Standard IV • Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to the south after the Civil War, voted Republican, and were scorned by southerners. • Scalawags: Southerners who voted republican after the Civil War and helped the northern Reconstruction effort. • Ulysses Grant: President during reconstruction; remembered as being very corrupt. • Jim Crow Laws: Laws passed in southern states after reconstruction that stripped African Americans of basic rights like voting. • Tenant Farming: Farming method after the Civil War where farmers rented land to grow crops. • Sharecropping: Farming where farmers were forced to share crops with landowners.

39. Standard V (Post-1877) • Buffalo: Animal that was highly relied upon by Plains Indians • Railroads: 19th Century technological innovation led to the rapid settlement of the western territories • Geronimo: Great Apache leader that surrendered to the U.S. troops in 1886 • Custer: U.S. Cavalry leader that was killed at the Battle of Little Big Horn • Sitting Bull: Leader of the Sioux nation at the Battle of Little Big Horn

40. Standard V • Dawes Act: The act where the United States government attempted to settle Indians on plots of land to farm • Massacre at Wounded Knee: Event that resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by U.S. troops in 1890 • Boomers: Western settlers who staked legal claims to land in Oklahoma • Sooners: Western Settlers who staked illegal claims to land in Oklahoma • Barbed Wire: Caused the decline in the open range used by farmers on the Great Plains • Long drives: Cattle ranchers move their beef back to eastern markets on these trails

41. Standard V -Jan. 27 • Farmer’s Alliance: Farmers organized themselves to fight Big Business • Grange: The name given to the groups of farmers that organized themselves politically during the late 1800s • Thomas Edison: Invented the light bulb and electric generators • Alexander Graham Bell: Invented the telephone • Steel: The major industry in Alabama during the late 1800s • Robber barons: Captains of Industry referred to during the late 1800s • Carnegie, Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan: 3 important leaders of industry during the late 1800s

42. Standard V-Feb.1 • Social Darwinism: Theory used to promote competition in the marketplace • Gospel of Wealth: Idea promoted by Andrew Carnegie that stated the wealthy should give back riches to the community • Horatio Alger: Novelist who wrote many fictional stories promoting the “rags to riches” theme • Progressivism: Movement that promoted change in government, business, and social welfare • Muckrakers: Journalists who were intent on exposing corruption in the early 1900s • The Jungle: Novel that was highly acclaimed for exposing problems in the meatpacking industry

43. Standard V-Feb. 3 • Ida Tarbell: Exposed the corruption of the Standard Oil Company • W.E.B. DuBois: African-American who encouraged blacks to seek social justice and equality; early leader of the NAACP • Booker T. Washington: African-American who encouraged blacks to learn a trade and also founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 • George Washington Carver: African-American who was famous for his work as an agricultural scientist • Plessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court decision that upheld segregation in 1896 STUDY FOR 13 COLONIES QUIZ!!!!!!!!

44. Standard V-Feb. 4 • 16th Amendment: Income tax • 17th Amendment: Election of senators by popular vote • 18th Amendment: Prohibition • Theodore Roosevelt: President who introduced conservation methods to preserve millions of acres of western land

45. Standard V-Feb. 8 • Clayton Antitrust Act: Act that was passed during Wilson’s tenure that was intended to break up monopolies • Federal Reserve System: Woodrow Wilson changed the banking system in the U.S. in 1913 through this program • Federal Trade Commission: Commission that was set up by Wilson to monitor the practices of businesses • Woodrow Wilson: Won the presidency in 1912; he was a Democrat

46. Standard VI – Feb.11 • Imperialism: The conquest of larger nations over smaller “uncivilized” nations to gain access to their natural resources and markets (This helps to achieve “EMPIRE”) • Hawaii: Territory annexed by the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean in 1898 • Spanish-American War: war that America became involved with in 1898, in hopes of achieving imperialism • Yellow Journalism (Yellow press): Sensationalistic journalism that served as a major cause of the Spanish-American War

47. Standard VI – Feb.17 • Rough Riders: Group of volunteers led by Teddy Roosevelt up San Juan Hill (Cuba) during the Spanish-American War • Philippines: Group of islands in the south Pacific that the U.S. gained control over as a result of the Spanish defeat in the war • Panama Canal: Teddy Roosevelt led the movement to build this canal in central America; connected Atlantic to Pacific with a quicker route • Roosevelt Corollary: Extension to the Monroe Doctrine that was made by Roosevelt justifying American intervention in South America

48. Standard VI – Feb. 22 • Dollar Diplomacy: Taft’s foreign diplomacy; utilize a nation’s wealth to negotiate with other countries • 4 MAIN Causes of WWI: • Militarism • Alliances • Imperialism • Nationalism • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: Immediate cause of World War I • Why did U.S. enter WWI?: • Sinking of the Lusitania • Zimmerman Note (Telegram) • Unrestricted submarine warfare (Germans)

49. Standard VI – Feb. 23 • Technological innovations of WWI: tank, submarine, poison gas, trench warfare (tank-British, submarine-Germans) • Treaty of Versailles: Treaty that ended WWI • Central Powers: Germany, Austri-Hungary, Ottoman Empire • Allied Powers: France, Britain, U.S., Russia, Italy (Italy would join Germany during WWII)

50. Standard VI – March 22 • League of Nations – Organization where various countries of the world would join together to ensure security and peace for all members; U.S. did not join • Red Scare – The intense fear of communism and other extreme ideas during the 1920s • Sacco and Vanzetti – Trial in which 2 immigrants were given an unfair trial due to their ethnic background and were eventually put to death • Red Summer – Name of the summer in 1919 in which race riots erupted in about 25 cities nationwide