European Exploration and Colonization

1. European Exploration and Colonization Standard 7-1.5: Compare the differing ways that European Nations developed political and economic influences, including trade and settlement patterns, on the continents of Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

2. 1. Colonies • After European nations explored and found the New World, these countries quickly wanted to conquer it for themselves. • England, France, Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands created colonies in this new land to show off their new power and wealth.

3. 2. Types of Colonies • Plantation Colonies – • Owned mostly by Spanish and Portuguese, • grew cash crops such as tobacco, rice, indigo, sugar • Trading Posts – • Owned mostly by French and Dutch • traded mostly in furs. • Settler Colonies – • Owned mostly by English, • the purpose was to expand the empire or to gain religious freedom.

4. 2. Types of Colonies Cont….. D. Asia- • modern and militarily strong civilizations • “equals” with European nations • tradingrelationship • European nations could build trading postsin port cities and along coastal regions • Created a merchantclass in Asia

5. 3. Labor • In Plantation colonies: • the Spanish and Portuguese enslaved the Native Americans, • and later used African Slaves. • In BritishPlantation colonies indentured servants were also used. • In the Trading colonies, • the Frenchand Dutchkept a positiverelationshipwith the local populations • In the Settler colonies, • the Britishpushedthe Nativesoff of their land • also used Africansas slaves.

6. 4. Labor Shortage • Native Americans were slaves until they escaped or died from European diseases, because they lacked immunity. • The solution became the Atlantic Slave Trade which was the biggest forced migration in history.

7. Slavery within Africa * • Europeans did not invent slavery- they followed a long history going back to ancient times. • In Africa, 25 African kingdoms took part in a slave trade.

8. European Slave Trade * • When Europeans joined the slave trade they rarely kidnapped people on their own. • Europeans relieve on trade with caboceers, African slave traders. • In 1441 a Portuguese ship unloaded its first human cargo. • The rest of Europe followed Portugal’s example.

9. 5. The Triangular Trade • Europe Africa • European ships carried goodsto Africa • Africa  Americas • European goods were tradedfor slaves(mostly from West Africa) and shippedto America • Americas  Europe • Europeans used the profits from the sale of slaves in the Americas to buy items (raw materials) to be sold back in Europe for a profit

10. 6. Resistance and Consequences • Slavery left Africa in conflict • tribes would wage war just to gain more slaves. • Some Africans ran away, others led revolts aboard slave ships. • An abolition movement was taking shape to end slavery worldwide. • Britainand Francewere the first countries to outlawslavery.

11. Effects of Slavery * • The exact number is not known but more than 11 million Africans lived to set foot in the Americas. • The forced migration of Africans increased the number of people living in the colonies. • The majority of Slaves came from West Africa, this decimated their culture, but also freed up land for warring tribes to expand.