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Communication and Network: Connecting Computers and Sharing Information

Learn about the process of communication, different types of communication channels, connection devices, data transmission specifications, and various network types. Explore network architectures, organizational internets (intranets and extranets), and the importance of firewalls in network security.

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Communication and Network: Connecting Computers and Sharing Information

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  1. Chapter 9Communications and Network Tyler Clutts

  2. Communications • Communications is the process of sharing data, programs and information between two or more computers. • Connectivity • The concept related to computer networks to link people and resources.

  3. Comm. Cont. • Communication Systems- electronic systems that transmit data from one location to another • Sending and Receiving Devices- Originate as well as accept messages in the form of data, information and or instructions. • Communication Channel- The actual connection that carries the message (Physical or wireless connection). • Connection devices- allow messages to travel across the communication channel by converting the format. • Data Transmission Specifications- Rules and procedures that coordinate the sending and receiving devices by defining how the message will be sent.

  4. Communication Channels • Physical Connections- a solid medium to connect sending and receiving devices. • Telephone lines- consists of a twisted pair cable. Standard transmission, now being phased out for more technologically advanced media. • Coaxial cable- High frequency transmission cable, replaces telephone lines with 80 times the capacity in a single copper core. Used for television and connecting computers to the network. • Fiber optic cable- Transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. Has 26,000 times the transmission capacity of a twisted pair. Rapidly replacing previous two.

  5. Wireless Connections • Infered- uses light waves to communicate over short distances. • Broadcast radio- send wireless radio signals from one tower to another. • Microwave- Uses high frequency radio waves. • Satellite- uses microwave signals and orbiting stations 22,000 miles above the earth.

  6. Connection Devices • Dial up services-T1, T2, T3, T4 lines • Modems- External modem, internal modem, PC card modem, Wireless modem. • Types of connections- Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), Cable Modems, Satellite/air connection services.

  7. Data Transmission • Bandwidth- Measures the capacity of the communication channel. Voiceband, Medium band, Broadband. • Protocols- Rules that must be followed in order for data transmission to be successful. • Identification- Internet protocol address • Reformatting- Reformatted into packets before sent

  8. Networks • Terms • Node- any devise that is connected to a network • Client-nodes that requests resources from another node. • Server- a node that shares resources with other nodes. • Hub- the center or central node for others • Network interface card (NIC)- Expansion card that connects the computer to the network • Network Operating system (NOS)- Controls all computers on the network. • Host Computer- Large centralized computer. • Network manager- a computer specialist

  9. Network Types • Local Area Networks (LANs)- networks with nodes in close proximity. • Home Networks- Allow computers to shared common internet connection in same house. • Metro area networks (MANs)- Span up to 100 miles • Wide Area Networks (WANs)- Span more that 100 miles. • Main difference between these is geographical range.

  10. Network Architecture • Configurations- Arrangement is called topology; Star, bus, ring and hierarchical. • Strategies- most common network strategies are terminal, client/server, and peer to peer systems.

  11. Organizational Internets: Intranets and Extranets • Intranets- Is a private network within a organization that resembles the internet. • Extranet- A private network that connects more that one organization. • Firewalls- a security system designed to protect an organization’s network.

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