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FOUR PHILOSOPHIES (SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT)

FOUR PHILOSOPHIES (SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT). What principles should guide human conduct and ensure order?. CONFUCIANISM. Confucius (Born 551 B.C.): China’s best known philosopher - Disturbed by suffering and warfare, he wanted to restore peace and ensure harmony - Stressed loyalty and hard work

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FOUR PHILOSOPHIES (SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT)

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  1. FOUR PHILOSOPHIES(SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT) What principles should guide human conduct and ensure order?

  2. CONFUCIANISM • Confucius (Born 551 B.C.): China’s best known philosopher - Disturbed by suffering and warfare, he wanted to restore peace and ensure harmony - Stressed loyalty and hard work - Filial piety: duty and respect children owe parents - Family and good society above the individual - Importance of education

  3. 5 RELATIONSHIPS Must govern society to restore order In all but the last one, the superior person has the authority, sets the example, and is responsible for the other’s well-being. • Ruler and Ruled • Father and Son • Older Brother and Younger Brother • Husband and Wife • Friend and Friend

  4. CONFUCIUS

  5. DAOISM • Philosopher: Lao Zi: looked to establish order in society -Link between people and nature instead of proper behavior -Contained in The Way of Virtue: dao=the way -Rules are artificial creations destroying order -Way is not defined because to know it, you don’t speak it -Values simplicity

  6. LAO ZI(Lived during the 6th century BCE, mythical figure?)

  7. LEGALISM • Han Feizi: Most famous Legalist writer • Reject Confucian ideas about good behavior • Act out of self-interest • Respond to rewards and punishments • Ruler along has power

  8. HAN FEIZI

  9. BUDDHISM • Came from India • First 3 thoughts deal with life on Earth • Religion: Escape from suffering on Earth • Salvation for the good, punishment for the wicked • Stresses mercy and compassion • Reach Nirvana: idea of heaven

  10. SIDDHARTHA GUATAMA(“Enlightened One”: 563-483 BCE) • Founded Buddhism: The Supreme Buddha

  11. 4 NOBLE TRUTHS

  12. EIGHTFOLD PATH

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