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Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic

Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic. 9.3: The Jefferson Presidency. A. TJ’s Republican Agrarianism. Believed all had the opportunity to succeed in America Population growth; no problem = keep moving west! Expansion not all good: a. Too much moving b. Environmental damage

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Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic

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  1. Ch 9: An Agrarian Republic

  2. 9.3: The Jefferson Presidency

  3. A. TJ’s Republican Agrarianism Believed all had the opportunity to succeed in America Population growth; no problem = keep moving west! Expansion not all good: a. Too much moving b. Environmental damage c. Increased slavery d. Harm to natives

  4. B. Jefferson’s Gov’t 1. Small, small, small • Military, debt and internal taxes all reduced or eliminated on federal level • States held the power and responsible for their own debt • Capital considered insignificant due to power of the states

  5. C. An Independent JudiciaryMarbury vs. Madison • Judicial review – only supreme ct. determines if laws are constitutional • LTC/Impact? true checks and balances of the three branches

  6. D. The Louisiana Purchase (1803) 1. By 1800, in Napoleon's control 2. What was he going to do with it? Supply Haiti 3. TJ’s concern? Access to Mississippi River and Port Orleans

  7. 4. LTC/Impact of purchase a. US doubles in size – peacefully b. Expansion = liberty = increased enslavement c. Trouble w/natives 5. criticism: Purchase not w/in the power of the president TJ: it was in the interest of national security ?

  8. E. Incorporating Louisiana • All are “American” • French civil law enacted a. Communal ownerships b. Forced inheritance 3. 1812:Statehood

  9. 9.4: Renewed Imperial Rivalry in North America

  10. A. Problem with Neutral Rights 1. GB does not acknowledge neutrality of US • Seizes US ships • Seizes “Brits” w/naturalization papers…Impressment • Open fires on US ship

  11. B. The Embargo Act (1807) • American ships cannot sail to any foreign ports • Goal: “Peaceable Coercion” • Recognize US neutrality by GB • deprive GB and Fr from raw materials • Backfires a. Exports drop by 80% b. Economic depression c. Smuggling increased 4. Repealed in 1809

  12. C. A Contradictory Indian Policy • Intercourse Act ineffective • TJ’s “civilized” natives? 3. Adapt, leave, or be killed

  13. Indian Resistance • Tecumseh • United tribes into political confederations • Dies at battle of Thames = natives unable to stay united as a political force • Battle of Tippecanoe • Tecumseh attack US and fail • Gov. Harrison (NW territory) defeat Tecumseh • Tecumseh helped by GB = in part, war of 1812

  14. #4: President Madison (1809-1817) Dem-Republican responsible for writing constitution

  15. 9.5: The War of 1812 “Second war of Independence”

  16. A. Reasons for this war • Impressment • GB supporting natives • US Shipping rights restricted by GB • Expansion into NW territory • GB not recognizing US neutrality

  17. B. The War Hawks • S. and W. congressmen who wanted war w/GB • North and middle states did not = sectionalism • US military small thanks to TJ! • GB uses blockade effectively; keeps US from trading with other countries esp. West Indies • D.C. burned to the ground • Francis Scott Key = Star-spangled Banner

  18. B. Campaign Against Northern and Southern Indians • Canadians defeat Americans a. NE states did not agree w/war; did not help b. Tecumseh and Indian confederation help GB 2. Battle of New Orleans • Led by Andrew Jackson • “Battle that saved the Union” • National unity increases • Date of battle? Date of treaty?

  19. C. The Hartford Convention • Meeting to discuss nullification due to war grievances; NE states • War over before delegates reached Congress

  20. D. Treaty of Ghent, Belgium (1814) • GB leaves western posts • Impressment and neutrality rights never addressed! • US moral increased • “We won, we won!” (BNO) • “We are not your colony any longer!” • Divisive in Congress; unnecessary war • Biggest losers…

  21. …Native Americans!

  22. 9.6: Defining the Boundaries

  23. Why? a. Population doubles by 1820 b. Needed farmlands c. Accessibility due to new lands d. Decrease in price = 2. Land Act 1820 a. $1.25 per acre b. 80 acre lots c. Cash only! Who benefits? 3. Lateral moves A. Moving West – Again!

  24. 1817-1825 Dem-Republican Election of 1816 B. Pres. Monroe & Era of Good Feelings

  25. Madison & the Election of 1820 Monroe(D-R) JQ Adams Federalist

  26. C. Henry Clay’s American System • Economy needed support of the federal gov’t. • Can you say “Alexander Hamilton?” a. 2nd Bank of US 1816 i. 20 yr charter ii. Commercial interests pressures Congress to pass b. Tariff of 1816 – first to be used as tariffs are intended for: protect American goods c. Interstate Projects – canals and roads; LTC?

  27. D. Diplomacy of JQ Adams (Sec. of State) 1. Border issues a. Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817; US/GB) i. Canada/US border @ 49th parallel ii. Great Lakes demilitarized b. Transcontinental Treaty (1819; US/Spain) aka Adam-Onis: Florida ceded c. Convention of 1824 Russia accepts 54’40 as northern Oregon border

  28. 2. Monroe Doctrine (1823)Thanks to JQ Adams! • Europeans not to interfere in the western hemisphere and vice-versa • Can keep current colonies; no new ones • US to recognize LA independent countries • What’s wrong with this policy?

  29. E. The Panic of 1819 • Europe back to a peacetime economy = hardship for US farmers and shipping • Land speculators = increased prices • Credit w/bad banks • Credit constricted • Foreclosures • Farmers resent banking systems • Tariffs: sectionalism

  30. F. Henry Clay’s Missouri Compromise Issue?: balance of power in the Senate

  31. Political Parties • 1789: GW none • Federalists and Dem-Rep (Anti-Feds) • 1824: all candidates Dem-Rep • 1828: Dem-Rep become Democrats • 1836: Whigs (former Feds) • 1856: Republican • 1860: Lincoln (R)

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