Chapter 39 notes The Stalemated Seventies

1. Chapter 39 notes The Stalemated Seventies

2. Nixon and Foreign Policy • Russia and China were clashing over their different ideas of communism. • Nixon tries to play off one against the other in Vietnam • Kissinger National Sec Adv. Agrees • Kissinger met secretly with the N. Vietnamese in Paris • Mr. Anti communist goes to communist China in Feb. 1972 which paved the way for normalizing relations with China first recognition of the Chinese Government in 30 years. • Nixon then visits Russia and ushers in detente • Russia negotiates a grain deal • ABM treaty made • Salt treaty freezes the numbers of long range missiles

4. Secret bombing of Cambodia • 1973 Americans were shocked that Nixon had ordered the bombing the neutral country of Cambodia • Even after we had ended the war with Vietnam to help the rightist government of Cambodia • Congress tries to stop the bombing by cutting off funds but Nixon vetoes them but he does agree to stop in July 1973 and get approval from congress for any future action • Congress passes the war Powers Act in Nov. 1973 • Passed over Nixon veto • Pres. Must report to congress within 48 hours after committing troops or enlarging combat units in a foreign country • 60 days unless congress extends it 30 days at a time

5. October war 1973 in middle East • Syrians and Egyptians attack Israel • Kissinger goes to Moscow to keep the Soviets form supporting the Egyptians • Americas nuclear forces put on alert • Two billion in war goods sent to Israel which helps them win • Arabs place an oil embargo on U.S. • Embargo ends in March 1974 but it had sent a message we were too dependent

6. Nixon Domestically • Stagflation of the Seventies – high unemployment and inflation • Sudden slump in productivity • increasing amount of women and teens in the workforce • declining investment in new machinery • Vietnam – Military spending and welfare spending are inherently inflationary (in the absence of offsetting tax collections), because they put dollars in people’s hands without adding to the supply of goods that those dollars can buy

8. Warren court • Appointed by Eisenhower but extremely liberal • Looks at individual rights • Gideon v. Wainwright • Escoedo v. Illinois • Supreme court says that even a voluntary confession was inadmissible as evidence it was obtained after denying the defendant’s request to talk with an attorney. • Miranda v. Arizona • Court accused as crook coddling • Separation of church and state and prayer • Engle v. Vitale 1962 • Also looks at Gerrymandering one man one vote

9. Nixon expands the power of the Presidency • When Nixon did not like the way funds were appropriated he simply impounded them • Nixon was often expanding presidential power over the power of congress

10. Election of 1972 • Nixon as the Republican • Vietnamization • McGovern as the Democrat (peace now candidate) • Counted on 18 – 25 year old vote • Landslide 520 – 17 in the electoral college

12. Watergate • Occurred in the Watergate office complex in the Demo. National Headquarters. • CREEP organizes break in • White house aids and then the pres. Orders a cover-up • Nixon white house was often involved in dirty tricks • Plummer unit created to plug leaks • CIA and FBI and IRS used to audit wire tap and otherwise harass political opponents

13. Watergate continued • Agnew Resigns for taking Kickbacks • Ford made VP • Saturday Night Massacre fires Archibald Cox because he tries to get Watergate tape this causes attorney general to resign • Nixon claims executive privilege to stop the release of the tapes • In U.S. v. Nixon supreme courts said tape must be given • Gaps found in tapes but also smoking gun • Nixon resigns

14. Fords Presidency • Ford pardons Nixon • Ford tries to stop inflation voluntary with WIN • Ford Continue detente with Helsinki accords • Pledges signature countries to Human Rights

15. Carters Presidency • Humanitarian diplomacy • Human rights • Cut foreign aid to repressive governments. • Negotiates Salt II • Congress never acts on it • dies when soviets invade Afghanistan • Agrees with panama to give back the Canal by 2000. • Camp David agreements with Egypt and Israel. • OPEC helps to fuel inflation • Carter tries to end dependence on foreign oil. • Soviets attack Afghanistan • Destroys Salt II • Causes Olympic boycott 1980 • Causes a cancellations of Grain • Iranians Take American Hostages