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Insulin Delivery: Pumps and Glucose

Insulin Delivery: Pumps and Glucose. Anna Zhu BME 410 11/18/04. The Problem: Diabetes. 18.2 million people in the US estimated to have Diabetes. (2002) 130 million people worldwide. 10-25% with Type I – Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.

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Insulin Delivery: Pumps and Glucose

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  1. Insulin Delivery: Pumps and Glucose Anna Zhu BME 410 11/18/04

  2. The Problem: Diabetes • 18.2 million people in the US estimated to have Diabetes. (2002) • 130 million people worldwide. • 10-25% with Type I – Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. • After 5 to 20 years, Type II patients often also become insulin dependent

  3. Type I Diabetes • aka Insulin-dependent diabetes or juvenile-onset diabetes • The body’s own immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, the only cells that make insulin. • Low levels of insulin production cannot adequately regulate blood sugar levels • Can be caused by autoimmune, genetic, or environmental factors • Patients must administer insulin multiple times daily, especially before meal times

  4. Type II Diabetes • Non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus • A problem in the way the body makes or uses insulin • Can be caused by insulin resistance, obesity, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure • Increased risk due to genetics, family history, environmental factors (low activity, poor diet), age, hypertension, or race/ethnicity. • Treatment through dietary management, weight control, and blood glucose management • Condition cannot be treated with insulin therapy

  5. Insulin • Hormone secreted by beta cells from the islet of Langerhans of the pancreas • Response to increase in blood sugar level (ie after a meal) • Promotes the transfer of glucose from blood to various body cells by binding and activating glucose receptors • Aids in conversion of absorbed glucose into glycogen • No Insulin = No glucose breakdown and no energy to cells

  6. Insulin Production • Genetically engineered insulin same as what is made in the human body. • Produced by special non-disease-producing laboratory strain of Escherichia coli bacteria that is genetically altered with the gene for human insulin production. • Comes in very short-acting, intermediate, and long-acting forms • A single type may be used, or a mixture of two types may be used depending on the need of the patient

  7. Types of Insulin

  8. Important Factors in Choosing the Right Pump • Size and Weight • Insulin storage capacity • Ease of Use – Menu and Operations • Basal (continuous) and Bolus (before meals or high blood glucose) Rates • Data and Memory • Special Features

  9. Current Products

  10. Animas Corporation: IR 1200 Insulin Pump • Currently the world’s smallest full feature pump • 2.9”x2.0”x0.76” - 3.13 oz • Stores 200 units of U-100 insulin • Large size menu driven interface • Long battery life – 6-8 weeks with 1 AA lithium • Waterproof 12 ft - 24hrs • Super-low basal rate 0.025 U/hr to 25 U/hr

  11. IR 1200: Special Features • Download capable – ezManager Plus • Nonvolatile memory • Patented sensor and algorithm to detect occlusions promptly • Meal bolus and BG check reminders • User set near empty reminders in increments of 10 U

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