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ECOLOGY

Explore the study of ecology, including concepts of carrying capacity, limiting factors, tolerance, biodiversity, succession, food chains and webs, and ecological pyramids. Learn about the cycles of water, nitrogen, and carbon, as well as different biomes and their unique adaptations.

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ECOLOGY

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  1. ECOLOGY • Ecology is the studyof homes. • The average number of organisms that can be sustained in an ecosystem is known as carrying capacity. • Food, water, and shelter are known as limiting factors.

  2. ECOLOGY • Tolerance is the ability of a population to withstand fluctuations of biotic and abiotic factors. • Abiotic – All of the non-livingelements in an ecosystem like air, water, and temperature. • Biotic – All of the living elements in an ecosystem.

  3. homeostasis

  4. Population Biosphere Species Community Ecosystem Biome

  5. ECOLOGY • Biodiversity is the number and variety of organisms found within a specified region. • Extinction is when a species is no longer in existence. • Endangered means a species is in danger of extinction throughout all of a significant portion of its range.

  6. Lichen and mosses Primary Succession is the development of primary communities in a previously uninhabited and barren habitat with little or no soil.

  7. D A B C

  8. A B C D

  9. Secondary Succession is the reestablishment of a community that has been destroyed by a natural disaster.

  10. ECOLOGY • The first group of organisms to arrive after the devastation of an ecosystem is typically the lichen and moss. These would be known as the pioneer community. • Climax community is a stable mature community which has reached equilibrium after having evolved through stages and adapted to its environment.

  11. Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy Energy

  12. ECOLOGY Food Chain – A chain including the organisms and their food source. Grass grasshopper bird

  13. A food chain illustrates the transfer of energy from one trophiclevel to the next.

  14. ECOLOGY Food Web – Multiplechains assembled into one large web.

  15. ECOLOGY Ecological Pyramid A food chain that shows the relationship between the organisms in each trophic level.

  16. Ecological Pyramids of Numbers The figures represent number of individuals counted at each trophic level.

  17. The total dry weight of organisms in a particular trophic level is referenced as biomass. Ecological Pyramids of Biomass BIOMASS = # of organisms x the weight of an average individual biomass

  18. Ecological Pyramids of Biomass

  19. Ecological Pyramids of Energy • Energy in ecosystems flows from producers to consumers. • Energy is depicted in kilocalories. • Primary producers convert only about 1% of the energy in available sunlight. • The average amount of energy that is available to the next trophic level is about 10%.

  20. Ecological Pyramids of Energy

  21. Rootbeer Activity

  22. Plant

  23. Mouse

  24. Hawk

  25. Root beer activityWhat do you think? • Which organism was most satisfied by the amount of energy received? • Which organisms was the least satisfied? • What happened to the 900 milliliters from the sun that the plant did not absorb? • How much “energy” was USED by the insect? • What consumer in the food chain is going to have to eat the most food to meet their energy needs? • Why can’t a food chain have an infinite number of links?

  26. preAP : Calculating Kcals from Calories Carbohydrates gram = 4Kcal Protein gram = 4Kcal Fat gram = 9Kcal Limit to 30%

  27. Cycles • Cycling of materials between the environment and organisms • Chemical and biological processes • Examples • Water cycle • Nitrogen cycle • Carbon cycle Plants obtain nitrogen from nitrogen-fixing bacteria and pass it to other organisms through the food chain

  28. Water Cycle

  29. Carbon Cycle

  30. Nitrogen Cycle

  31. Biomes?? a major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate

  32. Tundra

  33. Tundra

  34. Adaptations in the Tundra

  35. Taiga

  36. Taiga

  37. Adaptations on the Taiga

  38. AKA Temperate Forest Deciduous Forest

  39. Deciduous Forest

  40. Adaptations in the Deciduous Forest

  41. AKA Steppes of Eurasia North American Prairie The Pampas Savannah Velt Grassland

  42. Grassland

  43. Adaptations in the Grassland

  44. Desert

  45. Desert

  46. Adaptations in the Desert

  47. Rain Forest

  48. Highest biodiversity!!!! Rain Forest

  49. Found near the equator!!! Rain Forest

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