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HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE CELL?

HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE CELL?. NUCLEUS. Contains DNA – genetic material of the cell 2 membranes surrounding it, the envelope/membrane Controls all of the cell’s activities – including information needed to make proteins. CYTOSKELETON. Network of thin tubes in the cytosol

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HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW THE CELL?

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  1. HOW WELL DO YOU KNOWTHE CELL?

  2. NUCLEUS • Contains DNA – genetic material of the cell • 2 membranes surrounding it, the envelope/membrane • Controls all of the cell’s activities – including information needed to make proteins

  3. CYTOSKELETON • Network of thin tubes in the cytosol • Maintain a cell’s shape, & act as tracks that guide organelles and molecules as they move through the cell

  4. PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE • Covers cell surface • Determines what enters or exits the cell – selectively permeable

  5. PROKARYOTE • Cell that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles • Bacteria and Archea

  6. HOOKE • First person to identify and name cells – coined the term “cell”

  7. ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) • Transports materials within the cell • has ribosomes attached • produces phospholipids and proteins

  8. GOLGI APPARATUS • Stacks of flattened, membranous sacs • Many proteins and lipids pass from ER to here for final modifications; • Like a POST OFFICE - modifies, packages and secretes various molecules

  9. LYSOSOMES • Contain digestive enzymes to break down large molecules as well as non-functioning cell parts and cells • Small, membrane-bound organelles formed by Golgi complex

  10. LEEUWENHOEK • Looked at living cells in pond water; invented first mini-microscope

  11. Used in cell division Seen in animal cells CENTRIOLES

  12. RIBOSOMES • Site of protein synthesis • Can be free (in cytoplasm) or bound (attached to ER) • Produced in nucleolus • Made of RNA and proteins

  13. SMOOTH ER • Transports materials within and out of the cell • Functions in lipid synthesis ex. cholesterol • No ribosomes attached

  14. EUKARYOTES • Type of cell with a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles • Plant, protists, animal and fungi

  15. MITOCHONRDRIA • Transfer energy from organic molecules (like glucose) to ATP (cellular energy) during the process of CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Muscle cells have lots of these • Nicknamed the POWERHOUSE • Inner folds called cristae to increase surface area

  16. PLANT CELL • Type of cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts and a large central vacuole

  17. VIRCHOW • Stated cells come from the division of preexisting cells

  18. CELL WALL • Made of cellulose • Protects, prevents excess H2O uptake, maintains shape of plant cell

  19. ANIMAL CELL • Type of cell with lysosomes and centrioles • Lack a cell wall • YOU ARE MADE OF THESE CELLS

  20. CHLOROPLASTS • Use light energy to make carbohydrates from CO2 and H2O • Contains chlorophyll • Responsible for PHOTOSYNTHESIS

  21. FLAGELLA • Long, tail-like projections found on the outside of cells • Used for movement

  22. CENTRAL VACUOLE • Stores water, enzymes, wastes, and other materials • Largest organelle in a plant cell

  23. SCHLEIDEN • Stated all plants are made of cells

  24. THE CELL THEORY • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things • All cells come from preexisting cells

  25. CILIA • Short, hair-like projections found on the outside of cells • Used for movement

  26. SCHWANN • Stated all animals are made of cells

  27. CYTOPLASM • Jelly-like material found between the cell membrane and the nucleus • Contains the organelles of the cell

  28. NUCLEOLUS • Found inside of the nucleus • Makes ribosomes

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