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Electronic Warfare

Electronic Warfare. EW Intro. EW is a component of Command & Control Warfare (C2W) C2W: Military strategy which implements Information Warfare (IW). C2W includes integrated use of OPSEC, military deception, PSYOPS, EW, and physical destruction. Three Components of EW.

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Electronic Warfare

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  1. Electronic Warfare

  2. EW Intro • EW is a component of Command & Control Warfare (C2W) • C2W: Military strategy which implements Information Warfare (IW). • C2W includes integrated use of OPSEC, military deception, PSYOPS, EW, and physical destruction.

  3. Three Components of EW • Electronic Support (ES) *ESM • Electronic Attack (EA)*ECM • Electronic Protection (EP) *ECCM

  4. Increasing Importance of EW: • Increased reliance on radar • OTH targeting • Increased use of Communications • Tactical Data Systems (TDS) • Increased speed of missiles and weapons systems • High-speed detection and tracking • Active-homing or passive-homing long-range missiles give little warning

  5. Electronic Support (ES) • Surveillance of EM spectrum • Immediate threat recognition • Threat avoidance • Homing and targeting. • Passive EW • Electronic Intelligence (ELINT): Info derived from foreign non-communications EM information, particularly radar. • Communications Intelligence (COMINT): Info derived from foreign communications.

  6. ES Subdivisions: • Threat Warning and Avoidance • Direction Finding • Target Homing and Tracking

  7. ES Receiver Design Requirements • Wide spectrum surveillance • Wide dynamic range • Unwanted signal rejection • Angle-of-Arrival measurement • Signal Analysis capability • Display • Recording System

  8. Signal Collection Process • Signal Warning Alerts to presence of a signal • Signal Sorting Uses frequency to sort out signals of immediate interest/action required • Signal Analysis Determines specific capabilities for immediate and future actions

  9. Electronic Attack (EA) • Use of EM or directed energy to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment. • Active and Passive EW

  10. Non-Destructive EA • Confusion: Mask or hide real targets by cluttering the radar display. • Jamming • Noise Jamming • Spot Jamming • Barrage Jamming • Sweep Jamming • Chaff • Infrared flares (Torch)

  11. Spot, Barrage, and Sweep Jamming Sweep Freq Barrage Spot Ampl Time

  12. Spot and Barrage Jamming Rcvr BW Power Spot Jamming Barrage Jamming Frequency

  13. Effective Jamming PW Rcvd Signal Amp. PRT Ineffective Jamming time

  14. Non-Destructive EA (cont.) • Deception: Create a false image or change the image on the enemy’s radar display. • Repeaters: Create false echo by delaying rcvd radar signals & retransmitting at later time. • Transponders: Create false signal by playing back a stored replica of the radar signal. • Chaff • Radar Decoys • Blip Enhancers • Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Modification

  15. EA-6B Prowler

  16. Destructive EA • Anti-Radiation Missiles • SLAM • HARM • Sidewinder • Directed Energy

  17. SLAM ER • Stand-off Land Attack Missile-Expanded Response

  18. HARM • High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile

  19. HARM Results Portable Radar Site In Serbia

  20. AIM-9 Sidewinder

  21. Electronic Protection (EP) • The protection of friendly combat capability against undesirable effect of friendly or enemy employment EW.

  22. Electronic Protection (EP) • Three primary ways to defend ourselves from enemy EW • Modify our radar - make it more complex and harder to jam • Modify the Medium - Chaff and Torch • Modify the platform

  23. EP: Radar Design • Power • Frequency • PRF • PW • Pulse Shape • Antenna Design • Scan Pattern

  24. EP Factors • Burnthrough: Increase signal strength to overpower jammer noise • Emission Control (EMCON) • Alpha • Bravo • Charlie • Delta • Operator Training

  25. U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities • SLQ-32 “Sidekick” - on all combatants • Radar warning, detection and jamming • Uses an internal library to auto detect & categorize • Infrared Flares - “Torch” • Formally on all combatants • Chaff - on all combatants

  26. U.S. Shipboard EW Capabilities • SSQ-108 “Outboard” - on some Spruance class, DDG, CG, LHA, LHD • Any ship with SSES • real-time, over-the-horizon passive detection, localization, and targeting • SLQ-39 Chaff Buoy - on Arleigh Burke class • Rubber Duck – looks like a life boat container

  27. U.S. Airborne EW Capabilities • ALQ-142 - ES system on SH-60 Seahawk • ALQ-99 - EW system on EA-6B Prowler • Mimics radar signals (Deception) • ALQ-126 - EA jamming system on F-14 & F/A 18 • ALQ-165 - EA jamming system on F/A-18 • ALR-47 - ES detection system on S-3 Viking • ALR-73 - ES detection system on E-2 Hawkeye • Chaff - on SH-60 Seahawk

  28. Questions?

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