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Information Operations Electronic Warfare (EW) lecture 2 - ESM

Information Operations Electronic Warfare (EW) lecture 2 - ESM. KTZ b.d. D.M. Ooms MSc Email: dm.ooms.02@nlda.nl. Indeling presentatie. Bespreking huiswerkvraag 1e college Inleiding ESM, relatie met IOPS Toepassing ESM ESM apparatuur ESM kwantitatief Huiswerkvraag. Huiswerkvraag.

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Information Operations Electronic Warfare (EW) lecture 2 - ESM

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  1. Information OperationsElectronic Warfare (EW)lecture 2 - ESM KTZ b.d. D.M. Ooms MSc Email: dm.ooms.02@nlda.nl

  2. Indeling presentatie • Besprekinghuiswerkvraag 1e college • Inleiding ESM, relatie met IOPS • Toepassing ESM • ESM apparatuur • ESM kwantitatief • Huiswerkvraag

  3. Huiswerkvraag Eenpatrouille in Mali gebruikteen VHF zendontvanger (Combat Net Radio) voorverbindingvanuit de Bushmaster met de CP in de compound. Het is vlakterrein. Wanneer de patrouilleeensitrepwilverzendennaar de CP ontdekkenzedatzebuiten VHF bereikzijngeraakt. Met behulp van een boom construereneengerichteantenne (folded dipole) waarvanzewetendat die 3dB gain opleverttov de sprietantenne op de Bushmaster. Daarmeelukt het net omweerverbindingtemaken. Zezijn op dat moment 40 km verwijderd van de compound. Steldat de patrouillegeenantennemateriaal had meegenomen, hoeveel km zou de patrouilledanrichting de compound hebbenmoetenrijdenomweer VHF verbindingtekunnenmaken?

  4. Opzet & overzicht colleges

  5. Indeling presentatie • Besprekinghuiswerkvraag 1e college • Inleiding ESM, relatie met IOPS • Toepassing ESM • ESM apparatuur • ESM kwantitatief • Huiswerkvraag

  6. Definitie Electronic Warfare • Military action to exploit the EM-spectrum, which encompasses: • - The interception and identification of EM-emissions, • - The employment of EM-energy, including directed energy, to reduce or prevent hostile use of the EM-spectrum, • - And actions to ensure its effective use by friendly forces. • ATP 1 vol 1 pt. 5101

  7. Definitie Electronic Warfare Electronic Support • Military action to exploit the EM-spectrum, which encompasses: • - • - The employment of EM-energy, including directed energy, to reduce or prevent hostile use of the EM-spectrum, • - And actions to ensure its effective use by friendly forces. • ATP 1 vol 1 pt. 5101 The interception and identification of EM-emissions,

  8. EOV stamboom Electronic Support; Electronic Attack; Electronic Protection

  9. SIGINT: toepassing van ES Signal Intel; Electronic Intel; Communications Intel

  10. Definitie ES • Electronic Support • Thatdivision of EW involvingaction taken to search for, intercept and identifyelectro- magneticemissions and locatetheirsourcesfor the purpose of immediatethreatrecognition. It provides a source of informationrequiredforimmediatedecisionsinvolvingEA, EPandothertacticalactions. • ATP 1 vol 1 pt. 5101

  11. Information Superiority Information Operations Information in Warfare (gain/exploit) Information Warfare (attack/defend) Counter Information • ISR • Precision Navigation & Positioning • Weather • Public Affairs • Other • Information Collection / Dissemination Activities • Offensive CI • Electronic Warfare • Military Deception • Computer Network Attack • Psychological Operations • Physical Attack • Public Affairs • Defensive CI • Electronic Protection • Counter Deception • Computer Network Defense • Counter Propaganda • Operations Security • Counter Intelligence • Public Affairs The synergistic and systematic use of all tools as appropriate to create an effect which elicits a desired response.

  12. Information Superiority Information Operations Information in Warfare (gain/exploit) Information Warfare (attack/defend) Counter Information • ISR • Precision Navigation & Positioning • Weather • Public Affairs • Other • Information Collection / Dissemination Activities ES = Information collection The synergistic and systematic use of all tools as appropriate to create an effect which elicits a desired response.

  13. Indeling presentatie • Besprekinghuiswerkvraag 1e college • Inleiding ESM, relatie met IOPS • Toepassing ESM • ESM apparatuur • ESM kwantitatief • Huiswerkvraag

  14. Toepassingen ES • Tactischebeeldopbouw, Common Operational Picture (COP) • Dreigingswaarschuwing • Doelsaanwijzing • SIGINT (ELINT/COMINT) • Controleemissiebeleid

  15. Fasen in ESM • 1. Detection • 2. Localization • 3. Recognition • 4. Identification • 5. Dissemination

  16. Fasen in ESM • 1. Detection • 2. Localization • 3. Recognition • 4. Identification • 5. Dissemination

  17. Signaal parameters: • - Frequentie (freak) • - PRF (slope) • - PW (bridge) • - Antenne rotatie periode (brush) • - Scantype (scan) • - Polarisatie (arctic) • - Peiling (bearing) • - Amplitude • - Afgeleide parameters zoals stagger, chirp, Freq. Agility, etc.

  18. Fasen in ESM • 1. Detection • 2. Localization • 3. Recognition • 4. Identification • 5. Dissemination

  19. 2. Localization (DF) • X fix (fig 8-1) • Running fix (fig 8-5) • ESM homing • Time difference of arrival (TDOA) • Peiling en elevatiehoek en hoogte (fig 8-4)

  20. Fasen in ESM • 1. Detection • 2. Localization • 3. Recognition • 4. Identification • 5. Dissemination

  21. 3. Recognition • De geanaliseerde emittermode correleren met: • - Radar • - Wapen • - Platform • - Klasse • - Schip (fingerprinting) • = Recognition Level = • Samenstelling, intenties tegenstander achterhalen

  22. Fasen in ES • 1. Detection • 2. Localization • 3. Recognition • 4. Identification • 5. Dissemination

  23. 4. Identification Toekennen standaard identity: H SU N U AFF JO FA aan de hand vanIdentification Criteria

  24. Fasen in ESM • 1. Detection • 2. Localization • 3. Recognition • 4. Identification • 5. Dissemination

  25. Tactische aspecten ES • Radar Warning Receiver • Range Advantage Factor

  26. Range Advantage

  27. Tactische aspecten ES • Threat Warner • Range Advantage Factor • Danger Level • Creeping line ahead – downwind sectorscan • Hemstitching

  28. Indeling presentatie • Besprekinghuiswerkvraag 1e college • Inleiding ESM, relatie met IOPS • Toepassing ESM • ESM apparatuur • ESM kwantitatief • Huiswerkvraag

  29. ES receiver requirements (Paynech 6) • Wide dynamic range • Unwanted signal rejection (narrow bandpass) • High sensitivity • High Probability of Intercept (POI)(function of sensitivity & bandpass) • Low False-Alarm Rate(function of bandpass & signal density) • Angle of arrival measurement • Signal analysis capability • Display

  30. ES receiver types (Paynech 6) Direct Detection receiver • simple, small, very reliable, ligthweight • suitable onboard tactical aircraft • used as Radar Warning Receiver • indicate presence & bearing • reduce false alarm rate with signal-analysis circuitry

  31. Super Heterodyne ontvanger • most common type of ES receiver • bandwidth = freq range of LO • selectivity = width of IF bandpass filter • more selective, smaller bandwidth than conventional rx • higher false-alarm rates (harmonics of strong signals) • lower POI, looks only at IF bandpass size of spectrum

  32. DirectionFinding technieken (EW101 para 8.4 – 8.8) • Amplitude-based DF- smallegerichteantennebundel- Watson-Watt: 3 ontvangers (fig 8-11,-12,-13)- meerderegerichteantennes (fig 8-15, -16) • Interferometer DF- faseverschiltussen 2 ontvangers (fig 8-18) • Doppler DF (fig 8-28, -29) • Time difference of arrival (fig 8-33, -34, -35)

  33. EW apparatuur bij de KM APECS II (M-fregat Hr. Ms. van Amstel) VIGILE (M-fregat Hr. Ms. Van Speyk) SABRE (LC-Fregatten) AR900 (LPD’s, AOR’s) ESM-500 (M-fregat, Walrus Klasse) IJSVOGEL (Holland klasse) DR 3000 (Walrus Klasse) AWARE 3 (Lynx) DeTe90 (NH-90)

  34. APECS II combineert de mogelijkheden van een ESM- en een ECM-subsysteem ten behoeve van de tactische ondersteuning gedurende uit te voeren operaties Ref: HOGKM 017.6 Advanced Programmable Electronic Countermeasures System

  35. ORU (omni-antenne) MRU (peilantenne)

  36. VIGILE

  37. Het SABRE EOV systeem bestaat uit een gecombineerd ESM en ECM systeem dat dient ter ondersteuning van de missies van de Luchtverdedigings en Commando Fregatten. Ref: HOGKM 814 S A B R E

  38. ESM-antenne

  39. SABRE

  40. 180 225 270 315 000 045 090 135 180 - 18 - 17 - 16 - 15 - 14 - 13 - 12 - 11 - 12 - 11 - 10 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 -0.5 18 - 17 - 16 - 15 - 14 - 13 - 12 - 11 - 12 - 11 - 10 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2 - 1 - 0.5 - 180 225 270 315 000 045 090 135 180 Tactical picture • Frequency versus bearing

  41. 180 225 270 315 000 045 090 135 180 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 7 Neutral 6 Friendly 5 Unknown 4 Military Surface/Ground 3 Military Airborne Submarine radars Fire Control radars 2 1 Missile Homing radars 180 225 270 315 000 045 090 135 180 Priority levels

  42. AR-900 NL Argo Systems, Sunneyvale, California

  43. ESM 500 Rohde & Schwartz, Duitsland

  44. Doel ESM-500 Detecteren, observeren en loggen van radiosignalen in het VHF/UHF gebied t.b.v. COMINT.

  45. IJSVOGEL PLATH GMBH (GERMANY)

  46. Doel ijsvogel Detecteren, observeren, peilen, onderscheppen, classificeren, analyseren en loggen van radiosignalen in het VHF/UHF gebied t.b.v. COMINT.

  47. DR-3000 (Walrus klasse ozbt) THALES Brest, France

  48. Apparatuur bij de KM Doel DR-3000 Het detecteren, peilen, presenteren, analyseren, classificeren en identificeren van, en waarschuwen tegen EM-uitzendingen.

  49. DAYTON (NH-90) Electronica, Italië

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