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Agriculture Research Conference September 13, 2018

Exploring the Agricultural Innovation Continuum – The Case of Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project. Dr. Ladisy K. Chengula, Lead Agriculture Economist Agriculture Global Practice, The World Bank Email: Lchengula @worldbank.or g. Agriculture Research Conference September 13, 2018.

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Agriculture Research Conference September 13, 2018

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  1. Exploring the Agricultural Innovation Continuum – The Case of Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project Dr. Ladisy K. Chengula, Lead Agriculture Economist Agriculture Global Practice, The World BankEmail: Lchengula@worldbank.org Agriculture Research Conference September 13, 2018

  2. The Context

  3. Attaining SDG 1 and SDG 2 depends on ensuring food system is productive, resilient, and contributes to tackling climate change… Meeting the rising demand for food and ending hunger and food insecurity requires climate-smart food system that: Improves agricultural productivity; Builds resilience to climate change; and Lowers greenhouse gas emissions. Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project (KCSAP) aims to address tradeoffs and synergies to secure these triple-wins: productivity, adaptation, andmitigation.

  4. World food demand will be 40% higher by 2050 … MORE FOOD +17% +47% +155% +27% +51%

  5. Demand for non-cereal crops will increase the most … DIFFERENT FOOD

  6. TOMORROW – The Food System could be THE Climate Change Problem … SUST. FOOD Projections of Global, Agriculture and Land Use Change Related Emissions towards 2050 (Gt CO2e) Global Emissions: 49.1 Gt Agriculture Business As Usual Ag. Reduces Proportionalto Other Sectors Global Emissions: 21-22 Gt Global Emissions: 21-22 Gt ~70%of Total 25% 5.4 Gt LULUCF* 5.4 Gt LULUCF* ~25%of Total 11% - 5.5 Gt 60% GAP 9.5 Gt Agriculture 6.4 Gt Agriculture 45% 14% 4 Gt Agriculture 4 GT Agriculture TODAY 2050 - ‘2C’ Ensuring Emission Level WRI 2013 *Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry

  7. Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asian Countries are Considerably More Vulnerable to Climate Change and Variability than Much of the Rest of the World …

  8. Kenya must adopt a growing spectrum of interventions – policies, practices, and innovations – to secure triple-wins to achieve food and nutrition security, and broader development goals under a changing climate and increasing food demand What does all this mean for Kenya? 8

  9. How can Kenya achieve climate-smart agriculture?… Sustained agricultural productivity gains require investments that build resilience to climate shocks and climate change Agriculture needs to reduce its GHG emissions and become part of the solution to tackle climate change Realigning incentive policies currently in place can improve the climate smartness of the food system A renewed urgency is needed to sustain climate-smart agricultural research to deliver needed science-based solutions

  10. A Case Study: Climate –Smart Agriculture in Kenya

  11. In Kenya Drought is the Most Significant Driver of Volatility in Agriculture Production …

  12. Kenya has adopted Climate Change Policies, Strategies and Plans … National Climate Change Response Strategy (NCCRS, 2010) National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP, 2012) - operationalizes the NCCRS, focus on low-carbon, climate-resilient development for achieving SDG 13 (combating climate change and its impacts) Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) - energy, transport, industry, agriculture, forestry and waste management Kenya Climate Change Bill (2014) Climate-Smart Agriculture Program (CSAP, 2015–2030) National Policy on Climate Finance (2015) Country Climate Risk Profile (2015) – with TA from CIAT County Climate Risk Profiles (32 done – 13 ongoing) – with TA from CIAT

  13. A conceptual framework for the Kenya Climate Smart Agriculture Project (KCSAP) … Project Development Objective (PDO) “To increase agricultural productivity and build resilience to climate change risks in the targeted smallholder farming and pastoral communities in Kenya, and in the event of an Eligible Crisis or Emergency, to provide immediate and effective response.” PDO/Outcome Indicators Direct project beneficiaries (number), of which female (percent); Productivity Indicator - Increased in productivity of selected crops, livestock, and aquaculture value chains (percent); and Resilience Indicator - Direct project beneficiaries adopting at least one TIMP promoted by the project (percent).

  14. Project Area - 24 Counties selected using agreed criteria …

  15. KCSAP focuses on increasing productivity, building resilience, with reducing GHG emissions - as a co-benefit … Improving water/soil management, especially within smallholder maize systems in the marginal rainfall zones [(i.e. insmallholder mixed crop-livestock, crop-livestock-tree production (Agro-silvo-pastoral systems), and crop-forest production (agro-forestry)], andvalue addition Promoting sustainable, community‐driven rangeland management, value addition, and improved access to quality livestock services in ASALs (i.e. inpastoral/extensive livestock production systems) Supporting the generation and dissemination of technologies and innovations, and building a sustainable seed system Supporting Climate-Smart knowledge generation and enhancing quality and access to climate/advisory services among farmers/herders for improved production decision-making

  16. The IDA US$250 million KCSAP has five components … 1. Upscaling Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices (US$150 million) 2. Strengthening Climate-Smart Agricultural Research and Seed Systems (US$50 million) 3. Supporting Agro-weather, Market, Climate and Advisory Services (US$30 million) 4. Project Coordination and Management (US$20 million) 5. Emergency Contingency Response (US$0 million)

  17. Component 1: Upscaling Climate-Smart Agricultural Practices (US$150 million) … Objective – Upscaling implementation of CSA practices for triple-wins Sub-component 1.1: Building Institutional Capacity and Strengthening Service Delivery (US$20 million) Objective – Enhancing the capacity of county, ward and services providers to plan, prioritize and effectively provide advisory services Supporting CSA planning and prioritization at county and ward level Facilitating county and ward technical departments Facilitating community institutions Contracting advisory service providers Mainstreaming nutrition

  18. Sub-component 1.2: Supporting Investments in Smallholder Agro-pastoral Systems (US$65 million) … Objective - Supporting farmers and agro-pastoralists to implement CSA TIMPs that provide triple-wins Improving water and soil management Supporting crop-livestock-tree integration Promoting livelihoods diversification Supporting crop-livestock integration Mainstreaming nutrition

  19. Sub-component 1.3: Supporting Investments in Pastoral Production Systems (US$65 million) … Objective - Supporting pastoralists to implement CSA TIMPs and county level livestock sub-sector investments in NEDI counties – Marsabit, Isiolo, Tana River, Garissa, Wajir, Mandera, and Lamu At the community level Supporting innovative institutional arrangements for community-based rangeland management and sustainable resource use practices Supporting fodder production, storage and marketing Supporting small-scale livestock fattening operations At the county level Equipping and upgrading selected abattoirs – Wajir, Marsabit, Isiolo, and Garissa Supporting the development of disease free zones Supporting breeding and animal feed production programs

  20. Component 2: Strengthening Climate-Smart Agricultural Research and Seed Systems (US$50 million) … Objective – Sustainable CSA technologies development and dissemination Sub-component 2.1: Supporting Climate-Smart Agricultural Research and Innovations (US$35 million) Supporting research on climate smart crops Supporting research on climate smart livestock and aquaculture Supporting socio-economic research Supporting sustainable land, water and agro-forestry research Supporting bio-energy research Sub-component 2.2: Building Sustainable Seed Systems (US$10 million) Producing and maintaining early generation seed Strengthening seed production systems Strengthening seed and inputs retail networks Developing and advocating conducive legal framework for seed Developing national public-private dialogue platforms on seeds

  21. Component 2: Strengthening Climate-Smart Agricultural Research and Seed Systems (US$50 million) … Objective – Sustainable CSA technologies development and dissemination Sub-component 2.3: Strengthening Technical Capacity to Coordinate Research and Seed Systems (US$5.0 million) Training 11 PhD and 20 MSc Degree researchers – locally and internationally Retooling of scientists – short term courses/seminars/workshops/conferences Upgrading and rehabilitating research infrastructure – ASAL research centers, laboratory and ICT equipment, research farms/plots, farm machinery

  22. KCSAP basic principles for development and dissemination of agricultural technologies and innovation … Demand driven – by famers, agro-pastoralists, pastoralists, seed companies, breeders, agro-input dealers, aggregators, processors, exporters Competitive and collaborative – NARS (KALRO, Universities, Private Sector), CGIAR Centers (CIMMYT, ILRI, ICRAF, CIAT, ICRISAT), International Research and Regional Agricultural Research Institutes, and on-farm trials Context-specific CSA TIMPs – addressing critical constraints along the value chains (crops, livestock and fisheries) and agroecological zones Market-driven seed distribution system – private sector involvement (STAK, PBAK, KLBO) in multiplication and distribution of seeds, breeds Training and retooling of scientist – PhDs, MScs, Technicians Incubation centers and internships – Startups and young scientists Knowledge management and sharing - ICT-based Agricultural Information Platform (CSA M&E and MIS) that are harmonized with GACSA and AACSA platforms

  23. Component 3: Supporting Agro-weather, Market, Climate and Advisory Services (US$30 million) … Objective – Increase farmers’ access to timely information for decision-making Sub-component 3.1: Improving Agro-meteorological Forecasting and Monitoring (US$15 million) Mapping existing agro-meteorological and hydrological stations Establishing agro-meteorological centers Installing new automated agro-weather stations Developing early warning system (EWS) Sub-component 3.2: Developing Integrated Weather and Market Information System (US$5 million) Developing “Big Data” for CSA – including collecting data for agricultural insurance Strengthening existing Market Information System (MIS) Delivering integrated agro-weather and market advisory services using ICT platforms

  24. Component 3: Supporting Agro-weather, Market, Climate and Advisory Services (US$30 million) … Sub-component 3.3: Building Institutional and Technical Capacity (US$10 million) Sensitizing stakeholder and creating awareness Undertaking institutional reforms to accommodate “Big Data” activities Training technical staff on analytics (6 PhDs and 30 MScs) and Operations &Maintenance of modern/new systems (short courses)

  25. Component 4: Project Coordination and Management (US$20 million) … Objective – Facilitate project implementation Subcomponent 4.1: Project Coordination (US$15 million) Supporting Operations &Maintenance of NPCU and 24 CPCUs Supporting Fiduciary and Safeguards compliance Subcomponent 4.2: Monitoring & Evaluation and Impact Evaluation (US$5 million) Developing ICT-based Agricultural Information Platform (CSA M&E and MIS) and harmonizing with GACSA and AACSA platforms Supporting routine M&E functions - data collection, analysis and reporting Supporting Impact Evaluation - baseline, mid-point and end of the project

  26. Component 5: Emergency Contingency Response (US$0 million) … Objective – Financing recovery efforts from natural and man-made disasters Triggered through formal declaration of the national emergency or crisis by the national government authority e.g. President Requires formal request from GoK to the World Bank to reallocate funds from project components to finance emergence response expenditures GoK to prepare and submit to the World Bank detailed Contingency Emergency Response Implementation Plan (CERIP) Appropriate procurement practices under emergency may be used

  27. THANK YOU!

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