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Unit 1: Introduction. Comparing Transit Modes. Outline. Transit mode definition. Families of transit modes. Comparison of modes and mode selection in the US. First, let’s define the transit we’re working with. Transit mode Definition. Transit Mode Definition. 4 Basic Characteristics:
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Unit 1: Introduction Comparing Transit Modes
Outline • Transit mode definition. • Families of transit modes. • Comparison of modes and mode selection in the US.
First, let’s define the transit we’re working with Transit mode Definition
Transit Mode Definition 4 Basic Characteristics: • Right-of-Way (ROW) • System Technology • Types of Service • Organizational Oversight
Characteristic 1: Right-of-way Street Transit Semi-rapid Transit Rapid Transit Speed of Vehicles Operating & Capital Costs
Examples of ROW Classes • Class A: Boston Red Line • Class B: Dublin Light Rail • Class C: MARTA Bus
Pros and Cons of Rights of Way • Higher performance – speed, reliability, capacity,comfort, safety • Use of longer vehicles • Stronger identity / image • Lower per passenger operating cost • Can be electrified • Highest performance • Electric guided technology • High safety • Short dwell time ROW A • Highest investment cost • Rigid alignment • Grade-separated stations require land and longer access ROW B • Require space for ROW • Higher investment • Special signals or control / priority measures ROW C
Characteristic 3: Types of Service • Trip Served • Short-haul • City transit • Regional transit • Time of Day • Regular • Peak • Special • Stopping Schedule • See next slide
Characteristic 3: Types of Service Express Rapid Local
Characteristic 4: Organization Oversight On-Demand Individuals On-Demand Group
Characteristic 4: Organization Oversight Public Group
This classification of usage leads us to our Families of transit modes
4 Major Transit Families • Street Transit • Right-of-Way (ROW) • System Technology • Types of Service • Semi-rapid Transit • Right-of-Way (ROW) • System Technology • Types of Service • Rapid Transit • Right-of-Way (ROW) • System Technology • Types of Service • Specialized Transit • Right-of-Way (ROW) • System Technology • Types of Service
Regular Bus Articulated Bus in London (Bendy Bus)
Express Bus GRT Xpress Bus
Trolleybus Trolleybus in Zurich, Switzerland
Streetcars Double Decker Streetcars in Hong Kong
Semi-rapid Transit Modes • Bus Rapid Transit • Light Rail Transit • Automated Guideway Transit
Bus Rapid Transit TransJakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
Light Rail Transit Dallas Area Regional Transit
Automated Guideway Transit Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Airport
Rapid Transit Modes • Rail Rapid Transit (Metro) • Light Rail Rapid Transit • Rubber-tired Rapid Transit • Monorail • Regional (Commuter) Rail
Rail Rapid Transit (Metro) Atlanta, Georgia
Light Rail Rapid Transit Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in London
Rubber-tired Metro Montreal, Canada
Monorail Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Commuter Rail Boston, Massachusetts
Specialized Modes • Terrain-Specialized • Cable cars • Funicular / inclined plane • Aerial tram • Water-based • Ferry
Cable Car San Francisco, CA
Funicular / Inclined Plane Pittsburgh, PA
Aerial Tram Roosevelt Island, NY
Ferrys Seattle, Washington Seattle, WA
Largest US Agencies by Mode Largest Bus Agencies (Unlinked Pax Trips): Largest Heavy Rail Agencies (Unlinked Pax Trips): NYCT WMATA CTA (4 for pax miles) MBTA (6 for pax miles) BART (3 for pax miles) • NYCT • LA County MTA • CTA (4 for pax miles) • SEPTA (5 for pax miles) • NJ Transit (3 for pax miles)
Largest US Agencies by Mode Largest Commuter Rail (Unlinked Pax Trips): Largest Light Rail (Unlinked Pax Trips): MBTA MUNI (San Fran) LA County MTA TriMet (Portland) San Diego • Long Island Railroad • NJ Transit • MetroNorth • Metra (Chicago) • MBTA
New Diversity of Transit Modes • More rail being constructed; since 1970: • 7 new heavy rail systems constructed (BART, WMATA, MARTA, Baltimore, Miami, LA, San Juan) • Nearly 20 cities opened or are constructing new LRT systems • Resurgence in streetcars and tramways after decades of elimination • Buses traditionally non-priority • Buses carry 60% of transit passenger trips • Mostly transit captive • BRT is changing this
Mode Selection • Systems Approach: Cities require multiple modes integrated and working together for the highest ridership • Choice of modes depends on many factors, including life cycle costs, LOS, economy, impact on surrounding, passenger attraction and livability
DISCUSSION TOPIC • Google Bus in San Fransisco (e.g. Private Bus Services) • Function • Family • Characteristics • Pros & Cons
Conclusions • Understanding the differences in transit modes is critical • Cities often require multiple modes integrated and working together for high ridership • Make the mode fit the service instead of the service fit the mode – rest of course focuses on service
Reference Materials in this lecture were taken from: • VukanVuchic, “Urban Transit Operations, Planning and Economics” (2005). • Dickens, Matthew, John Neff, and Darnell Grisby. "APTA 2012 Public Transportation Fact Book." (2012).