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Lavoisier

Lavoisier. Law of conservation of mass Matter is neither created or destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions. . Proust. Law of Definite Proportions A chemical compound contains the same elements in the same proportions regardless of size of the sample or source of the compound .

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Lavoisier

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  1. Lavoisier • Law of conservation of mass • Matter is neither created or destroyed during ordinary chemical reactions.

  2. Proust • Law of Definite Proportions • A chemical compound contains the same elements in the same proportions regardless of size of the sample or source of the compound

  3. Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1. Matter is composed of __atoms____ 2. Atoms of the same element are __identical__. Atoms of different elements are _different__. 3. Atoms can not be _subdivided_, _created__ __destroyed__. 4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple _whole___ _number_ ratios to form chemical compounds. In chemical reactions, atoms are _combined__, _separated_, or _rearranged_.

  4. JJ Thomson Cathode Ray Tube Discovery of the electron. Atoms are composed of smaller particles Plum Pudding model

  5. Rutherford • Gold Foil Experiment • Conclusions… • 1. Each atom contains a small dense, positively charged nucleus. • 2. Atoms are mostly empty space.

  6. Bohr Model of the Atom Electrons must be in orbitals around the nucleus

  7. The Bohr Model of the Atom • e- can only exist in certain discrete orbits • Electrons moving from a higher to a lower state create different colors of light • Higher energy is blue • Lower energy is red

  8. H Hg Ne The Atomic Spectra Heated element is emitted is light spectra when focused through prism • Each element has its own, unique spectrum

  9. Light Waves • Wavelength (λ) is the distance light travels in one cycle. • Frequency (f) is the number of wave cycles completed each second. • Amplitude is the height measured from the center of the wave.

  10. Wave Properties

  11. The Wave Nature of Light • Speed of a wave, c, is given by its frequency multiplied by its wavelength: • For light, speed = c = 3.00x108m/s or 3x1017 nm/s

  12. Frequency - Wavelength The red light in a laser pointer comes from a laser that has a wavelength of 6.32 x 10-7 m. What is the frequency of the light?

  13. Quantized energy • Planck: energy can be absorbed or released from atoms in particles called quanta or photons • The energy of one photon is • E=h f h=6.63 x 10-34 J s

  14. Energy of Emission For red light with a wavelength of about 6.32 x 10-7 m, what is the energy of a single photon?

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