How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building

1. How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building Paul H. Shipp, Ph.D., P.E., F.ASTM Principal Research Associate USG Corporation “U.S. Implementation of Green Building Standards, Codes and Regulations: Measuring Success” Emirates Authority For Standardization & Metrology U.S. Department of Commerce 19 May 2014 – Dubai

2. Sustainable Development • “…meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.” • Our Common Future, Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, G. H. Brundtland, chairman, 1987. How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

3. Buildings Matter! 28% Source: USEIA - 2012 How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

4. What makes a building green? • What economic value does it generate? • Purpose & function • Costs to construct, operate & maintain • How does it impact the occupants & society? • Health, safety, comfort • Social benefits • How does it impact the environment? • Climate change • Ozone destruction • Habitat destruction • Pollution of water, air & soil • Depletion of non-renewable natural resources How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

5. What makes a building green? • Triple Bottom Line • Economic, Social, Environment • Green buildings • Minimize negative impacts • Maximize beneficial impacts • Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) • Requires metrics → Standards! • Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) • Product Category Rules (PCRs) • Product Certification & Building Commissioning How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

6. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Life cycle assessment: • Systematic evaluation of environmental aspects & potential impacts of a product, process or service through all stages of its life cycle. • Compile inventory of relevant energy inputs, material inputs & environmental releases • Evaluate potential environmental impacts • Raw material acquisition • Production / Construction • Use • End-of-life treatment (final disposal) How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

7. Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) • Impact of product on the environment • Quantifiable environmental data • Based on life cycle assessment • Third party verified • Allows for comparability of products • Evaluation criteria are scientific, complete, transparent • Type III Environmental Label How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

8. Product Category Rules (PCRs) Product Category Rules: • Rules & requirements for developing EPDs of a certain product category • Enable transparency & comparability between different EPDs based on the same PCR • Harmonized with existing PCRs • Developed by interested parties • Independent verification by Review Panel How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

9. Green Buildings • Indigenous cultures • Renewable resources • Locally sourced • Designed for the local climate • Meets LEED Credits • Near public everything • 100% water savings • 100% energy savings • 100% recycled content • Does not meet Code! How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

10. Buildings Must Perform in Many Ways • Key Design Parameters • Purpose / Function • Beauty / Aesthetics • Structural Integrity • Life Safety (fire) • Code Compliance • Cost • Energy • Durability • IEQ / Comfort & Health • Sustainable How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

11. Building Codes • Regulatory requirements pertaining to the design & construction of buildings. • Established law, adopted by the AHJ • Establish the rules for: • What buildings can be built • Where buildings can be built • Design of buildings • Construction methods • Materials that can be used • Minimum requirements to protect health, safety, general welfare & affordability. • Risk assessment How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

12. Building Codes • “The worst building you can legally construct…” • Buildings are complicated networks of interacting systems. • High performance buildings are less forgiving • Building codes do not look at how each system impacts every other system or function. • “Meets code” may not be good enough… • Codes define basic conditions of acceptance • Codes drive innovation but also resist change • Codes rely on Standards to fill in details How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

13. Building Materials Standards • Define the materials • What they are • …are not • How they must perform • How they are tested • Level the playing field! • Metrics by which quality & performance can be judged • What’s notincluded is also important! • Mandatory versus Permissive language • “Shall…” versus “should…” • Standards convert proprietary products into commodities! Prescriptive Performance How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

14. Building Materials Standards • Become mandatory when cited by the building code • Materials must comply • Drives market changes • Not cited by a code or regulation • Use is voluntary • Many standards are not used directly by the codes but are needed by industry How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

15. Building Codes & Standards • Codes • Establish what materials can & cannot be used • Create strong, market driven incentives & disincentives for innovation • Opportunities & risks exist where codes are silent • Standards • Establish how products are compared • Good standards must be • Meaningful and • Measurable How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

16. New Codes, Standards & Rating Systems for Green Buildings • Needed for the future • End “greenwashing” • Standards alone are not sufficient • Codes drive industry adoption How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

17. ASTM International • Setting Standards for Sustainability How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

18. What is ASTM International? • Private sector organization, established 1898 • Develops voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, systems and services in more than 90 sectors • Publishes related publications • Offers related services • HQ in Philadelphia, PA. • Other offices: • Beijing, China • Brussels, Belgium • Mexico City, Mexico • Ottawa Canada How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

19. ASTM is an International SDO • Complies with World Trade Organization’s six principles for the development of international standards, Annex 4 of WTO Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement • Open to all stakeholders regardless of borders • Enables public & private sector cooperation across the globe • Uses electronic tools for document development & delivery – facilitating participation worldwide • Standards used globally in trade, research & development, product testing, regulation & quality systems • Board of Directors includes members from: • Canada, France, The Netherlands, Saudi Arabia & South Korea How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

20. ASTM complies with WTO international standards development principles WTO / TBT Principles • Transparency • Openness • Impartiality & consensus • Effectiveness & relevance • Coherence • Consideration of developing nations ASTM Principles • Transparency • Openness • Impartiality & consensus • Effectiveness & relevance • Coherence • Consideration of developing nations How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

21. ASTM - Global Facts and Figures How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

22. ASTM International Today • ASTM International Committees, Standards and Members • 143Technical committees • 12,000+Standards • 30,000+Members • 7,800+International members from 135 countries • 6,300+ Citations of ASTM standards used in more than 75 countries • ‘Audited Designator’ accreditation: American National Standards Institute • Accredited by Standards Council of Canada • Standards Worldwide How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

23. ASTM Balloting Process Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees • Committee on Standards • Final Review & Approval of Procedures • Society Review • No % Return Required • No % Affirmative Required • Main Committee • 60% Return Required • 90% Affirmative Required • Subcommittee • 60% Return Required • 67% Affirmative Required • Task Group • ASTM membership not required • Technical experts identify needed standards & content How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

24. Voluntary Standards can be Mandatory • Standards become mandatory when… • cited in a contractual agreement. • referenced & mandated by a government body, e.g., cited in a building code. • Mandatory vs. permissive language • Ambiguous language is open to “interpretation” • Over 1700 citations of ASTM standards in codes developed by the following code developers: • ASHRAE, ASME, IAPMO, ICC, NFPA , UL How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

25. Standards Support Model Codes Standards are cited because: • Practical & convenient • Incorporate best knowledge, expertise & technology • Facilitate updating • Enable adaptation • Support codes in aspects of • Safety • Reliability • Product consistency • Market access How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

26. ASTM International and Sustainability • Many ASTM International committees address sustainability: infrastructure/built environment, water, energy, products, waste, materials, and toxics (partial list): C01 - Cement C09 - Concrete & Concrete Aggregates C11 - Gypsum & Related Building Materials & Systems C16 - Thermal Insulation D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels & Lubricants D03 - Gaseous Fuels D04 - Road & Paving Materials D05 - Coal & Coke D18 - Soil & Rock D19 - Water D20 - Plastics D22 - Air Quality D34 - Waste Management E06 - Performance of Buildings E44 - Solar, Geothermal & Other Alternative Energy Sources E48 - Biotechnology E50 - Environmental Assessment, Risk Management & Corrective Action E60 - Sustainability F17 - Plastic Piping Systems F40 - Declarable Substances in Materials How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

27. ASTM Sustainability Database • http://www.astm.org/COMMIT/sustain.html • 500+ ASTM standards • 300+ standards from other organizations • Open submission process • No charge for use How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

28. Standards Compilation • ASTM Standards for Sustainability in Buildings • On-line collection of 202 ASTM standards that address sustainability or aspects of sustainability relative to buildings. How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

29. Committee E60 on Sustainability • E60 develops standards relating to sustainability & sustainable development, e.g., construction, manufacturing, meetings. • 16 published standards for sustainable buildings & construction • Currently developing 15 work items • Key documents: • ASTM E2432 – Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings • ASTM E2114 – Terminology for Sustainability Relative to the Performance of Buildings How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

30. ASTM E2432 – Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings • Section 1.4.2 The general principles identified in this guide are applicable to …design, specification, construction, operation, maintenance,…. • 36 floors with 45 columns per floor (1620 Columns) • Circular column uses less reinforcement than square column for the same load. Column shape is changed during construction. Less steel usage with $500,000 savings How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

31. ASTM E2432 – Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings • Section 1.4.2 The general principles identified in this guide are applicable to …design, specification, construction, operation, maintenance,…. • Instead of supporting 30 story column by massive girders, the design was modified to support the columns with brackets. Less material & minimum transportation impact How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

32. ASTM E2432 – Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings • Section 5.2.2.2 Operating costs – The use of sustainable building practices also applies to efficiency of operations,. • The arch rib chambers between hangers are pressurized, which helps by detecting leaks that may be an indication of cracks. • Reduces pollution due to annual inspection. • 10 days with 65000 vehicles per day are not impacted How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

33. ASTM E2432 – Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings • Section 5.2.2.2 …This approach can not only minimize costs… eliminate costs associated with possible disruption,.. Each strand is capable of carrying the load of the bridge. A strand can be replaced without temporary shoring since the second strand will carry the load during replacement. How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

34. ASTM E2432 – Standard Guide for General Principles of Sustainability Relative to Buildings • Maximize land use and service • Section 6.1 Balance – In applying the concept of sustainability, it is necessary to assess and balance three dissimilar, yet interrelated general principles – environmental, economic, and social… • Section 5.3 In order to advance sustainability …contribute to positive quality of life for current and future generations. How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

35. In closing… • Green buildings are high performance structures. • Building codes must provide design flexibility for such complex buildings. • Green codes must overlay & complement the building codes. • Standards provide the metrics for designing, measuring & evaluating the performance required by the codes & owners. • Product certification & building commissioning are essential to success. How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp

36. THANK YOU • For more information: www.astm.org • Paul Shipp pshipp@usg.com 1 (847) 970-5259 • Jim Olshefsky jolshefsky@astm.org 1 (610) 832-9714 How Standards Facilitate & Support Green Building – Shipp