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Chapter 15

Emerging Strategies, Roles, and Technology For Peace Officers in Multicultural Law Enforcement. Chapter 15. Learning Objectives for Chapter 15. 1. Identify the emerging and changing issues in the strategies and roles confronting the peace officer in multicultural law enforcement

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Chapter 15

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  1. Emerging Strategies, Roles, and Technology For Peace Officers in Multicultural Law Enforcement Chapter 15

  2. Learning Objectives for Chapter 15 1. Identify the emerging and changing issues in the strategies and roles confronting the peace officer in multicultural law enforcement 2. Describe the need for police officers to adapt to innovations and advanced technology within their increasing roles in local community policing and in multi-jurisdictional crime-solving efforts

  3. Learning Objectives for Chapter 15 3. Explain the role of peace officers to assist with multicultural communities in disasters and terrorism 4. Describe the peace officer’s role in controlling community confrontations resulting from global/regional events 5. Articulate the emerging roles in working with multicultural special populations such as minority and immigrant youths and people with mental health problems

  4. Learning Objectives for Chapter 15 6. Explain that curtailing litigation against law enforcement agencies is a key challenge for law enforcement leaders and officers requiring changes in police policies 7. Support training and preparation of future law enforcement personnel by reinforcing required changes in the curriculum of the police academies

  5. 21st Century Challenge Develop law enforcement organizations and services that can: 1. Effectively recognize, relate to, and operate within the multicultural and global shifts in culture. 2. Utilize technological advances, and 3. Adapt to community/governmental expectations. First Leadership Conference of the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)

  6. THE FUTURE OF PEACEKEEPING STRATEGIES IN MULTICULTURAL COMMUNITIES • Those who would uphold law and order in the 21st century will need to be more proactive and less reactive (Thibault, Lynch, and McBride, 2001) • The new generation of peace officers must also promote positive law enforcement innovations

  7. NEIL LINGLE’S RESEARCH STUDY • More cultural awareness and sensitivity training of personnel • More recruitment and promotion of minorities and ethnics with the help of police unions • More information to officers on external factors affecting their performance (e.g., influence of wealth and economic power, as well as racial or ethnic and political power) • More study of institutional racism, organizational diversity, and the impact of minority employment and promotion on police policies and practices in the future Lingle, 1992

  8. Community-Based Policing • Law enforcement agencies adopting community policing strategies have not only become partners within a community but advocates for public well-being • Roles of the peace officer, especially at the line level, change dramatically in cities and counties using community-based policing • Opportunities to educate the public as to the difficult practices and decisions that police have to make continuously

  9. Critical Success Factors for Community-Based Policing • How willing are citizens to accept some responsibility for community law enforcement? • How willing are police officers to relinquish the social isolation of police cars to become involved with neighborhood citizens in police-community programs?

  10. Crime Prevention Among Minority and Immigrant Youth • Focus on positive relations, contact, and communi-cations between young people and peace officers • Prevent juvenile delinquency • Train officers to be successful role models for young people, especially those from immigrant or “ghetto” groups • Promote equal justice in law and order from perspectives articulated by minority and immigrant youth • Attract youth into law enforcement careers

  11. Some Anti-Gang and Youth-Oriented Strategies • Cooperation with the local clergy who maintain effective relations with gang members • Assistance to local ethnic business organizations that wish to work with gangs in community ventures and job development • Creation of ethnic police benevolent associations to provide role models and programs for disadvantaged youth of similar cultural heritage who are in gangs or who are potential recruits

  12. Some Anti-Gang and Youth-Oriented Strategies • Counteracting hate groups that reach out to a troubled generation of alienated white youth from urban, suburban, and even rural areas • Apprenticeships or internships for youth in law enforcement have long involved interested young people on a part-time basis or during summer vacations

  13. Treatment of People with Mental Disorders within the Justice System • Office of Justice Programs and the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Center for Mental Health Services Conference • Challenges of integrating criminal justice and mental health systems • Diverting of mentally ill offenders to appropriate treatment through mental health court programs • Improving mental health services in the juvenile justice system • Creating community partnerships to respond to the needs of people with mental disorders

  14. Bureau of Justice Study • 283,800 mentally ill offenders were held in the nation's state and federal prisons and local jails at mid-year 1998 • 547,800 mentally ill people were on probation in the community • Offenders identified as mentally ill were more likely than other offenders incarcerated or on probation to have committed a violent offense

  15. Bureau of Justice Study • Mentally ill inmates and probationers reported higher rates of prior physical and sexual abuse and higher rates of alcohol and drug abuse by a parent or guardian while they were growing up • More than three-quarters of the mentally ill inmates had been sentenced to prison, jail, or probation at least once prior to their current sentence • While incarcerated, the mentally ill were more likely than other inmates to be involved in fights and to be charged with breaking prison and jail rules (OJP, 1999)

  16. Law Enforcement Strategies • Cooperation with the cultural leadership, local clergy, and other community-based agencies • Assistance to local ethnic business organizations that wish to work voluntarily with mental health issues within the community • Creation of specific police training and educational materials for working with people with mental health problems • Development of procedures and policies within the law enforcement agency for dealing with mental health problems

  17. Curtailing Litigation Against Police Agencies and Officers • Innovation is necessary so that police responses will satisfy citizens rather than provoke them to lawsuits against officers and their departments, especially in multicultural communities • Reducing use of force by law enforcement at the time of arrest—whether it is perceived as excessive or deadly

  18. Scope of the National Problem • Detroit—Between 1997 and 2000, the city had to pay $32 million because of lawsuits brought against the police • 78 percent of the money so expended involved cases with only a small number of officers • 261 officers were named in more than one suit

  19. Scope of the National Problem • Officers guilty of unprofessional behavior and maltreatment or simply the victims of legal strategies by lawyers? • City of Los Angeles had to pay $14,658,075 in 1991, as a result of settlements, judgments, and awards related to excessive force litigation against its police • In 1994, a jury awarded Rodney King $3.8 million to compensate for police actions

  20. Scope of the National Problem • In 2000, a federal judge ruled that the Los Angeles Police Department could be sued as a racketeering enterprise in the so-called Rampart corruption scandal • Officers guilty of unprofessional behavior and maltreatment or simply the victims of legal strategies by lawyers?

  21. Nature of Litigation Against the Police • Many lawsuits against police agencies and their members are frivolous or unsubstantiated • Many lawsuits result from inadequately screened or trained officers whose behavior on the job is not just unprofessional and unethical but overtly biased and criminal • Citizens are fighting back when police abuse their human or civil rights

  22. Emerging Technology and Multicultural Law Enforcement Innovations • New generation of law enforcement leaders to develop innovative strategies, structures, and services that meet the changing needs of communities (IACP, 1999) • Advancement in technology may require law enforcement agencies to abandon some of their tried-and-true methods • Some agencies have established an innovation task force made up of the most creative officers from all units of a department

  23. Examples of Law Enforcement Innovations in Practice • Ongoing contact (in the form of both structured and unstructured meetings) with members of all minority and immigrant community organizations • Bicycle or scooter bike patrols in problem recreational areas especially where there are large concentrations of minority and immigrant youth • Crises management strategies not only for emergencies and disasters, but also for homeland security and working with neighborhoods at risk

  24. Examples of Law Enforcement Innovations in Practice • Neighborhood or shopping mall storefront police substations • Police concentration on repeat offenders and repeat locations for criminal activities • Law enforcement strategies with the homeless and those with mental health problems • Teams of officers from diverse backgrounds regularly meeting with inner-city youthengaging them in sports activities, mentoring, and new ways for role models

  25. Examples of Law Enforcement Innovations in Practice • Prevention programs with schools to reduce school violence • Development of neighborhood child protection plans to reduce incidents of child abuse • Programs in conjunction with other public service agencies, to protect the elderly from victimization in both economic and violent crimes • Innovative strategies by police to counteract hate crimes within their communities

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