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CHAPTER 15

CHAPTER 15. Career Choice and Development. Choosing the right career. Career choice: some key factors Intrinsic appeal of the job or field The role of social influence: parental influence, social models Personality: Holland’s 6 personality types, Roe’s 8 (basic occupational groups)

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CHAPTER 15

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  1. CHAPTER 15 Career Choice and Development

  2. Choosing the right career • Career choice: some key factors • Intrinsic appeal of the job or field • The role of social influence: parental influence, social models • Personality: Holland’s 6 personality types, Roe’s 8 (basic occupational groups) • Gender and ethnicity: effects of normative expectations, biases, self-conceptions, and accessibility of opportunities • Populations with special needs (40 million people have disabilities of one kind or another)

  3. Holland’s six different personality types

  4. Choosing the right career • Career choice: some key factors • Intrinsic appeal of the job or field • The role of social influence: parental influence, social models • Personality: Holland’s 6 personality types, Roe’s 8 (basic occupational groups) • Gender and ethnicity: effects of normative expectations, biases, self-conceptions, and accessibility of opportunities • Populations with special needs (40 million people have disabilities of one kind or another)

  5. Roe’s 8 basic occupational groups • Service • Business • Managerial • Technology • Outdoor • Science • Arts • Culture transmission

  6. Choosing the right career • Career choice: some key factors • Intrinsic appeal of the job or field • The role of social influence: parental influence, social models • Personality: Holland’s 6 personality types, Roe’s 8 (basic occupational groups) • Gender and ethnicity: effects of normative expectations, biases, self-conceptions, and accessibility of opportunities • Populations with special needs (40 million people have disabilities of one kind or another)

  7. Choosing the right career • Career decision making • Learning resources: college, vocational schools, correspondence and distance learning courses, military service, entry-level job experiences • Government information resources: Selected Characteristics of Occupations, Guide for Occupational Exploration, Occupational Outlook Handbook

  8. Choosing the right career • Searching for jobs on the Internet • Professional groups: networks, electronic bulletin boards • Job search guides and databases • The Online Career Center: thousands of job listings, a resumé database, and job ads • Listservs • Classified ads • Resume database services • Recruiting agencies

  9. Career development • Getting help from your company • Human resource planning: recruitment, job matching, long-term planning, employee development • Continuing education, in-house training, performance appraisals

  10. Career development • Helping yourself by planning for your own career development • Knowing yourself: traits, interests, abilities, motivations and long-term goals • Knowing your organization: career insight, organizational politics, formal vs. informal networks of communication • Establishing and moving toward clear-cut goals (like a personal program of management by objectives)

  11. Career development • The changing career: Is the career dead? • Layoffs, restructuring, downsizing, outsourcing • Temping • Job sharing, telecommuting • Protean careers • Self-managed by the individual • Determined by the person’s needs and changing Circumstances • Requires a strong self-identity, continuous learning, and an appropriate balancing of life interests

  12. Career development • A relational approach to careers • Mutuality and reciprocity (a two-way process) • Focus on development and collaborative learning • Self-reflection, active listening, empathy, and feedback • Training opportunities, mentoring, recognition, coaching, and feedback

  13. Career development • 360 feedback • Helps employees identify their strengths and weaknesses • Helps determine their needs for development • May encourage worker involvement and teamwork • Potential drawbacks: threat, hard feelings, lack of agreement and perceived invalidity

  14. Career changes over a lifetime • Career development and life stages • Changes in tasks, status, roles, geographic location, compensation, co-workers, life stage, family obligations • Super’s career theory: a cycle of growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and decline • Career and family • Single parent families: issues of child care, time with children, coordinating schedules, monitoring children’s after-school activities, travel limitations • Dual-career couples: issues of family roles and responsibilities, traditional gender roles, part-time work or job sharing, economic aspirations, family leaves

  15. Career changes over a lifetime • Women and family: special challenges • Postpone having children? • Have smaller families? • Choose part-time work? • Choose a career that is easy to re-enter? • Toward a family-friendly workplace • 70% of large companies have developed family-friendly policies (flex time, part-time work, job sharing, child care) • Trade-off: such policies can hinder career development

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