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CITES and Succulents

CITES and Succulents. An introduction to succulent plants covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. What This Presentation Will Cover. Introduction to succulent plants Succulent plants on CITES Implementing CITES for succulent plants.

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CITES and Succulents

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  1. CITES and Succulents An introduction to succulent plants covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

  2. What This Presentation Will Cover • Introduction to succulent plants • Succulent plants on CITES • Implementing CITES for succulent plants

  3. Introduction to Succulent Plants

  4. What Are Succulent Plants?

  5. Why Protect Succulent Plants?

  6. Global Trade

  7. What Groups Are Controlled?

  8. Cacti

  9. Succulent Plants on CITES

  10. Succulent Euphorbia

  11. Euphorbia Characteristics - Latex

  12. Euphorbia Characteristics - Spines and Flowers • Spines • Needle like or • Complex • In pairs • Flowers • Inconspicuous • Showy bracts

  13. Global Distribution of Succulent Euphorbia No. Euphorbia taxa 250 200 150 100 50 1 0 Source: Carter & Eggli (1997)

  14. Euphorbia Trade Major Importer Major Exporter Source: UNEP-WCMC CITES trade data 1997-2001

  15. Aloe

  16. Aloe Characteristics

  17. Aloe or Agave? Agave Aloe Agave Agave Aloe Aloe

  18. Global Distribution of Aloe No. Aloe taxa 150 100 50 1 0

  19. Aloe Trade Major Importer Major Exporter Source: UNEP-WCMC CITES trade data 1997-2001

  20. Pachypodium

  21. Pachypodium Characteristics

  22. Global Distribution of Pachypodium No. Pachypodium taxa 30 15 1 0

  23. Pachypodium Trade Major Importer Major Exporter Source: UNEP-WCMC CITES trade data 1997-2001

  24. Other Succulent Taxa Listed on CITES Agave Alluaudia Fouquieria

  25. Other Succulent Taxa Listed on CITES

  26. Medicinals

  27. Succulent Plants on CITES: Summary

  28. Implementing CITES for Succulent Plants

  29. Enforcement

  30. Enforcement - Checks • Check • Documents • Country of origin • Packaging • Shipments • Trade routes

  31. Wild Artificially propagated • Irregular shape & size • Wounds ?insect damage • “Corky” stems • Uniform • Healthy plant parts General Appearance • Irregular & broken • Thicker • Uniform & intact • Thinner & weaker Spines • In shape of pot • Roots cut back but healthy • Several main roots • One main taproot • Irregular • Dead & broken • Cut back when removed from the wild Roots • Usually clean of soil • Horticultural soil present (e.g. peat, sand, perlite, rockwool) • Native soils and associated plants Soil Wild or Artificially Propagated? - Key Characteristics

  32. Wild or Artificially Propagated? AP - shipment Wild - shipment Wild - growth form AP - growth form

  33. Wild or Artificially Propagated? Wild - leaves Wild - spines AP - spines Wild - roots AP - leaves AP - roots

  34. Implementation: Summary

  35. Additional Slides

  36. Exemptions

  37. Nursery Registration

  38. The CITES Definition of ‘Artificially Propagated’

  39. Detecting Detrimental Trade?The Burden on Exporting Countries • Article IV of the convention states that an export permit shall only be granted when, inter alia,’ • A Scientific Authority of the state of export has advised that such export will not be detrimental to the survival of that species’

  40. Detrimental Trade - How and Why? • Insufficient resources to implement Article IV of CITES • Poor implementation of export bans on wild plants • Smuggling

  41. Tillandsia – Air Plants

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