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1 Define fossils.

1 Define fossils. Preserved remains of life from an earlier time. 2 What are the other 4 types of proof that scientists use to prove evolution and give an example of each. Homologous structures-. parts with similar pattern but may have different functions (arm and wing). Types proof cont.

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1 Define fossils.

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  1. 1 Define fossils. • Preserved remains of life from an earlier time

  2. 2 What are the other 4 types of proof that scientists use to prove evolution and give an example of each.Homologous structures- • parts with similar pattern but may have different functions (arm and wing)

  3. Types proof cont. • DNA-Similar DNA sequences showing close relationships (chimpanzees are 98% similar to humans) • Vestigial structures- parts with no current function but functional in ancestor (pelvis in whale)

  4. Types proof cont. • Embryological structures- study of organisms in earliest stages (mammals have gill slits and tails as embryos) • Fossil record- showing a pattern of change among living things (can be used to show mass extinction & other changes) (casts, molds etc.)

  5. 3 Define evolution. • Species changing over time

  6. 4 What is used to prove mass extinction? • Fossil record

  7. 5 Who was famous for the hypothesis that species change over time? • Charles Darwin

  8. 6 What is natural selection and what does it directly act on? • Positive characteristics get passed on to offspring and through generations. They act upon a phenotype.

  9. 7 What increases the chance that a species will survive? • Genetic diversity

  10. 8 What are mutations? • Copying errors in DNA

  11. 9 What is mimicry? • Resembling another species by behavior or physical appearance

  12. 10 What is camouflage? • Blends into surrounding to avoid predators

  13. 11 Nature determines if a variation is what? • Useful

  14. 12 Draw a directional selection diagram.

  15. 13 What population increases in the directional selection diagram • Favors one of the extreme variations of the trait

  16. 14 Draw a stabilizing selection diagram. • See diagram

  17. 15 What population increases in stabilizing selection? • Favors the average trait

  18. 16 Draw a disruptive selection diagram. • See diagram

  19. 17 What population increases in disruptive selection? • Both extreme variations of the trait

  20. 18 Complete this saying, “Survival of the fittest”

  21. 19 Who does genetic drift affect? • Small isolated populations

  22. 20 Define genetic equilibrium. • No change in a population over many generations

  23. 21 Put the following in order from smallest to largest & define: Organism- community - ecosystem -population -biosphere. Biome • Next slide

  24. Cont. from previous • Organism-1 individual • Population-more than 1 of the same species • Community-more than 1 species

  25. Cont. • Ecosystem-abiotic and biotic in a similar area • Biosphere-from the lowest part of Earth to the highest point above Earth where living organism exist

  26. 22. Define niche. • Different roles that an organism fills in its environment

  27. 23. A population can grow if the following occur: • Increased Birthrate • Decreased death rate • Increased Immigration • Decreased Emigration

  28. 24. Define exponential growth and its causes. • Exponential is when there is a constant growth with unlimited resources (no limiting factors stopping the increase)

  29. 25. Define logistic growth and its causes. • Increase in population that levels off because of limiting factors (such as food or space).

  30. 26. What is abiotic? Give an example • Things that are not living and have never been living. Examples: metal, plastic etc.

  31. 27. What is biotic? Give an example. • Anything living or once living-Ex. Flowers, humans, bears, etc.

  32. autotroph Heterotroph • 28. What is an _________ or plants make their own food and __________ or animals must consume plants or other animals for food.

  33. 29. In an energy pyramid90% of the energy is lost to the environment and • 10% is passed up to the next level.

  34. primary • 30 Fill in the blanks. Producers-_________consumer-___________consumer-___________consumer. secondary tertiary

  35. 31 What do the following consume? • Herbivores-eats only plants/autotrophs • Carnivores-Eats only animals • Omnivores-Eats both plants and animals

  36. 32 Who benefits in the following type of relationships • Mutualism-+/+ • Commensalism-+/0 • Parasitism-+/- (but no death) • Predator/prey-+/- (with death of one organism)

  37. 33 what are the key steps in the water cycle?

  38. 34 what are the 2 key processes involved in the carbon cycle? • Cell respiration and photosynthesis

  39. 35 What helps convert nitrogen to different forms? • Bacteria

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