1. Fossils 2 types of fossils 1. body fossils: actual remains of living things (bones). 2. trace fossils:impression left by once living things (footprints, trails, burrows)

2. Which is the oldest fossil? A B C

3. Bottom layers are the oldest layers, so they contain the oldest fossils.Petrification: process by which minerals replace the organic matter.

4. Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources

5. resources that can be replaced in a short time through natural processes. • Water, soil, air, living things • Will be renewable as long as we protect them from pollution Renewable Resources:

6. Air pollution: burning of fossil fuels for cars/factories. • Soil Pollution: runoff of harmful chemicals, garbage. • Water Pollution: harmful chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides from farming), dumping waste and garbage in water. • Clearing land loosens soil, which erodes away. How we ruin our Renewable Resources:

7. Soil: • Plant cover crops when fields are not in use • Plant soybeans to replenish nutrients • Terracing • Contour Plowing How we Conserve our Renewable Resources: Contour Plowing Terracing

8. Water: • Turn off faucet when not using water • Replace toilets with ones that use less water/flush • Shorter showers How we Conserve our Renewable Resources:

9. Air: • Filters on smokestacks • Clean Air Act- laws to monitor pollutants released. • Car emissions inspected (limit amount of pollutants car exhaust). How we Conserve our Renewable Resources: • Recycle

10. Solar power: • uses energy from the sun to create electricity. • Wind Power: • energy from moving air, which pushes and turns blades of a turbine (windmill) • Built in windy places Renewable Energy

11. Solar power:

12. Hydroelectric Power: • moving water to generate electricity • Built on rivers and dams • Moving water spins a turbine, which moves a generator to create electricity. Renewable Energy

13. Resources that cannot be replenished by natural processes at the same rate that they are used. • Ex: Minerals, fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) • Fossil fuels: • energy resources formed from the remains of organisms that lived millions of years ago. • Buried in layers of sediment, then heat and pressure change them into fossil fuels. • They have energy because the animals/plants that formed them had energy from the sun. Non-Renewable Resources:

14. Fossil fuels cause pollution, acid rain, and global warming. • Most of what we use requires fossil fuels to make it. • We use minerals to make many products, like metal, that we use. Non-Renewable Resources:

15. Fuel efficient cars (more miles/gallon) • Public transportation • Walking, riding bike instead of a car • Insulation keeps heat from escaping from buildings and being wasted. • Turn off lights when not using them. • REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE! • Reduce how much you use • Reuse what you can, instead of throwing away. • Recycle: process materials again to make new products. Saving our Non-Renewable Resources:

16. When you are done…turn to pages 84-86 in Coach (purple workbook). Read. Answer questions pg. 87.Write and explain the 3 types of plate boundaries. Write what events happen at each boundary.