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INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER

INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER. What is a Microcontroller. A microcontroller is a complete microprocessor system, consisting of microprocessor, limited amount of ROM or EPROM, RAM & I/O ports all built on a single integrated circuit.

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INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER

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  1. INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER

  2. What is a Microcontroller • A microcontroller is a complete microprocessor system, consisting of microprocessor, limited amount of ROM or EPROM, RAM & I/O ports all built on a single integrated circuit. • Microcontroller can be used to perform control functions so it is comparable with a microcomputer. • It must include full or nearly full implementation of a standard microprocessor, ROM or EPROM, RAM, parallel I/O ports, serial ports, timer, clock. • More complex than a microprocessor.

  3. Advantages of Microcontroller over Microprocessor • Cost of microcontroller is less than microprocessor based system • Microcontroller has more I/O components than microprocessor based system. • Unlike microprocessors Microcontrollers can be used in wide variety of intelligent products like personal computers keyboards or can be used in devices with artificial intelligence. • Many low cost products like toys, washing machines, microwave ovens, electric drills etc are based on microcontrollers & not on microprocessor based system

  4. Features of Microcontroller 8051 • 8051 microcontroller has an 8-bit ALU. • 4 KB (4K x 8 bit) ROM EPROM • 128 byte (128 x 8 bit) RAM • Dual 16-bit timer, event counter. • 32 I/O lines for four 8- bit I/O ports. • Full featured serial port. • It can address 64 KB of program memory • It can address 64 KB of data memory • Powerful instruction set with 111 instructions. • Two external interrupt. • Clock upto 12-MHz frequency.

  5. Memory mapping of Microcontroller 8051

  6. Memory mapping of Microcontroller 8051

  7. Microcontroller 8051 family 8048, 8049, 8050 • 8048 was Intel’s 1st microcontroller. All 8048, 8049, 8050 have same architecture except memory size. • The memory size doubles in each case.8048 supports 1Kbytes of internal memory (ROM). 8049 supports 2Kbytes of internal ROM & 8050 supports 4Kbytes of internal ROM. • 8048 has 64 bytes internal RAM, including 32 bytes of register memory. 8049 & 8050 have a total of 128 & 256 bytes of RAM respectively. • 27 I/O lines. 8-bit timer event counter. • Low cost & hence very popular. 8052 • 8052 is a simple expansion of 8051. • 8Kbytes of onboard ROM & 256 Kbytes onboard RAM. • Allows programmer to write larger programs that can use more data. • Cost of 8052 is more than 8051. • Has one extra 16-bit counter-timer which gives more flexibility.

  8. Microcontroller 8051 family 8031, 8032 • 8031 is alternative version of 8051 & 8032 is alternative version of 8052. • They do not have onboard ROM. They may use external ROM for program memory. • Excellent devices for prototyping & low volume products. 8052 AH-BASIC • 8052 AH-BASIC is another form of 8052. • Programmer can use BASIC for writing instructions rather than using assembly language.

  9. Compare between 8051 & 8052

  10. Applications of Microcontroller • Microcontroller is a single chip microcomputer. • They are used as independent controllers in machines or as slaves in distributed processing. • They are used as machine tools, chemical processors, medical instrumentation & sophisticated guidance control. • Many low cost products such as toys, microwave oven etc are based on microcontroller. • The personal computer keyboards are implemented with microcontroller. It replaces scanning, debounce, matrix decoding & serial transmission circuits.

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