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Understanding the Water Cycle: Diagram and Definitions

Explore the water cycle through a detailed diagram in your composition book, including labels and definitions for each stage. Understand evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and more. Learn about relative humidity, cloud formation, condensation level, and cloud types. Discover factors affecting relative humidity and methods to measure it. Dive into cloud classifications like cumulus, stratus, and cirrus clouds. Delve into precipitation variations, from rain to hail.

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Understanding the Water Cycle: Diagram and Definitions

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  1. Chapter 16.1 Water in the Air

  2. Team Work! • In you team of 4 people…diagram the water cycle in your composition book. (section 16.1) • Label each part of the water cycle • Define each label as you go

  3. Water Cycle • Definition: • The continuous movement of water from Earth’s surface (oceans and rivers) into the air (atmosphere), onto and over the land, into the ground, and back to the surface.

  4. Illustration http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Water_cycle.png

  5. Evaporation • Water from the Earth’s surface to the air, the process by which water changes from a liquid (water) to a gas (water vapor). • http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/evap.rxml

  6. Transpiration • Evaporation of water into the Atmosphere from plants. • http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/trsp.rxml

  7. Condensation • Process by which water changes from a gas (water vapor) into a liquid (water). • Cloud Formation. • http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/cond/home.rxml

  8. Precipitation • Process by which water moves from the Atmosphere (clouds) to the Earth’s surface. • May be in the form of rain, sleet, snow, or hail. • http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/prcp.rxml

  9. Runoff • The movement of water that flows across land and collects in rivers and streams and eventually ends up in the oceans. • http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/run.rxml

  10. Putting it all together • The Water Cycle • http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hyd/smry.rxml

  11. The Water Cycle

  12. Humidity • The amount of water vapor in the air • Relative Humidity= The amount of water vapor in the air The maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at a given temperature.

  13. Relative Humidity • This graph shows that as air gets warmer, the amount of water vapor that the air can hold increases. • When air hold all of the water vapor that it can at any given temperature, it is said to be saturated. • Saturated air has a relative humidity of 100%.

  14. Factors Affecting Relative Humidity • 1) Amount of Water Vapor • 2) Temperature • Relative Humidity changes if either one (or both) changes

  15. Measuring Relative Humidity • Psychrometer • Instrument used to measure relative humidity. • Made of wet-bulb and dry-bulb thermometers. http://www.usatoday.com/weather/wsling.htm

  16. Sling Psychrometer

  17. Determining Relative Humidity • Once you have both thermometer readings, you use the chart to find the relative humidity.

  18. Dew Point • The temperature at which the air becomes completely saturated= 100% • Temperature of air must cool to become saturated • Thermal Energy travels from hot to cold • At this temperature gas → liquid • (Water vapor condenses into water)

  19. Clouds • Definition • A collection of small water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air, which forms when air is cooled and condensation occurs. • Clouds are classified by form and altitude.

  20. Convective Cooling…How to make a cloud! • 1. Air rises • 2. Molecules move apart • 3. Uses potential energy • 4. Lowers temperature

  21. Condensation Level • The level in the atmosphere where condensation occurs. • The temperature is lower than the dew point of the air, therefore condensation occurs. • The base of the cloud is the level in the atmosphere where it’s cold enough to condense!

  22. Cumulus Clouds • Means “heap” • Puffy, white clouds with flat bottoms • Usually indicate fair weather http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/wwhlpr/fair_cumulus.rxml?hret=/guides/mtr/cld/cldtyp/home.rxml

  23. Cumulonimbus Clouds • Nimbus means “rain” • Thunderstorm clouds • Tall, dense, usually dark http://www.answers.com/topic/cumulonimbus-cloud-1

  24. Stratus Clouds • Means “layered”- form in layers • Covers large area of the sky • May bring dull and grey weather http://www.ace.mmu.ac.uk/eae/Weather/Older/Stratus_Clouds.html

  25. Cirrus Clouds • Means “curl of hair” • High level clouds • Made of ice crystals http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/wwhlpr/cirrus.rxml?hret=/guides/mtr/cld/cldtyp/home.rxml

  26. Cirro- Alto- Strato- High clouds Middle Clouds Low clouds Altitude fog

  27. Cloud Types

  28. Precipitation RAIN SLEET SNOW HAIL

  29. Hail

  30. Precipitation • Rain 0.5 – 5 mm diameter • Drizzle < 0.5 mm diameter • Snow = ice particles • Sleet = ice pellets form when rain falls through a layer of freezing air • Hail = solid lumps of ice form in cumulonimbus clouds

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