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Action of IPEC Latin America and the Caribbean

This text describes the efforts and strategies implemented by IPEC (International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour) in Latin America and the Caribbean to prevent and eliminate child labour, particularly its worst forms. It includes information on the magnitude of the problem, the goals set by governments, and the areas of assistance and technical cooperation provided by IPEC.

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Action of IPEC Latin America and the Caribbean

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  1. Action of IPEC Latin America and the Caribbean FIRST MEETING OF WORKING GROUPS OF THE INTER-AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF LABOUR MINISTERS April 4-6, 2006 Mexico City, Mexico

  2. IV SUMMIT OF THE AMERICAS November 5, 2005 Concrete goal: eliminate the worst forms of child labour and reduce the number of children that work in violation of national laws. The Governments committed themselves to: “To eradicate by 2020, at the latest, the worst forms of child labor and reduce the number of children that work in violation of national laws. We shall continue strengthening national policies that enable achievement of these goals. In addition to providing quality basic education, we undertake to build bridges between child labor eradication programs and other support programs, such as income support programs, extracurricular activities and training. To meet this objective, countries shall set national goals and deadlines based on the local situation.”

  3. Child labour in Latin America and the Caribbean Global Report 2002 28 million boys and girls between 5 and 17 years old work in Latin America 17.4 million of these are between 5 and 14 years old 19 million boys and girls are in work that should be abolished 3 of each 5 work in rural zones

  4. The IPEC strategy Technical assistance for development of National Policies formulated by national structures themselves Generate information about the characteristics and magnitude of the problem of child labour as well as providing analysis of child labour monitoring systems Raise awareness,increase knowledge and social consciousness about the consequences of child labour through key social actors Develop Direct Action Programmes thatcan serve as a model on the national level

  5. Assistance and Technical Cooperation OIT-IPEC Public policy area: 1.Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the formulation of plans and national policies for the prevention and eradication of child labour, especially in its worst forms. 2.Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the development of regional and local child labour policies (national policy decentralisation). 3. Assistance and Technical Cooperation to carry out programmes for the eradication of forced child labour in especially vulnerable populations: girls, indigenous populations, minors living with HIV/AIDS. 4. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the strengthening of the National Commissions of child labour and their respective Technical Secretariats. 5. Assistance and Technical Cooperation to carry out the evaluation of plans and national policies for the prevention and eradication of child labour, especially in its worst forms. 6. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the development and improvement of instruments for measuring child labour. 7. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the development of mechanisms of follow-up of national and regional policies regarding child labour

  6. Assistance and Technical Cooperation OIT-IPEC Public policy area: 8.Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the creation and/or strengthening of programmes of transference of conditioned resources as part of an integral policy of prevention and eradication of child labour. 9.Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the development of indicators and strategies for the treatment of the phenomenon of child labour within the plans to fight poverty. 10.Assistance and Technical Cooperation for development of professional training programmes for the elimination of child labour, especially in its worst forms. 11. Support in the design of programmes of professional and vocational training for the integration in the formal labour world ofadolescent workers performing the worst forms of labour. 12.Creation of demonstrative pilotmodels and proposals of intervention and attention to child labour, especially in its worst forms, with the goal of replicating them at the national level. 13.Technical assistance in the identification, formulation, follow-up and evaluation of programmes of intervention aimed at the rescue of boys, girls and adolescents performing the worst forms of child labour. 14. Institutional strengthening through the development of protocols of action, interchange of experience and training of organisations of workers, employers and public functionaries.

  7. Asistencia y Cooperación Técnica OIT-IPEC • Communication and Social Mobilisation: • Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the development of national union plans for the prevention and eradication of child labour. • 2. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the development of business social responsibility policies for the prevention and eradication of child labour sponsored by business organisations. • 3. Promote opportunities for local and national participation for the eradication of child labour • 4. Assistance and Technical Cooperation in drawing up strategies and educational alternatives for the prevention and eradication of child labour.

  8. Asistencia y Cooperación Técnica OIT-IPEC • In the legal sphere: • Assistance and Technical Cooperation to modify national laws in the framework of ILO Conventions 138 and 182. • 2. Assistance and Technical Cooperation for the effective application of national legislation related to child labour by carrying out legal and diagnostic studies of jurisprudence. • 3. Formation of justice operators (judges, prosecutors, justice agents) for the effective application of legislation. • 4. Strengthening of systems of labour inspection of the countries to bring them in line with the need to identify and denounce as established by law cases in which individuals are employed at an age younger than the age of admission to employment established in each country. • 5. Technical Assistance in drawing up the lists of dangerous jobs. • 6. Technical Assistance for the creation and development of units in Public Ministries specialised in commercial sexual and economic exploitation. • 7. Technical Assistance in drawing up and providing follow-up for the fulfilment of the commitments assumed in the framework of ILO Conventions 138 and 182.

  9. IPEC Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean Regional and sub-regional projects • Project to Eradicate Child Labour in Latin America Sectors: Regional, sub-regional and national policies, strengthening of training and attention to girls, boys and adolescents performing the worst forms of child labour Participating countries: Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru Donor: Spanish cooperation - AECI Period of implementation: 2006-2010 (Phase III) Project of prevention y eradication of child labour in commercial agriculture Sectors: Agriculture Participating countries : Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica. Donor: USDOL Period of implementation: 2002-2006 (Phase II) • Sub-regional Project to Stop Exploitation: Contribution to the prevention and eradication of commercial sexual exploitation of minors Sectors: ESCI Participating countries: Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Dominican Republic, Costa Rica and Belize Donor: USDOL Period of Implementation: 2002-2006 (Phase I) 2006-2010 (Phase II)

  10. IPEC Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean (II) • Project for the Prevention and eradication of child labour in garbage collection and markets Sectors: garbage dumps and markets Participating countries: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras Donor: Italian Cooperation Period of implementation: 2002-2006 • Project Building Networks against the exploitation of boys, girls and adolescents Sectors: TID and ESCI Participating Countries: Colombia, Peru, Paraguay and Chile Donor: USDOL Period of implementation: 2004-2007 Prevention and elimination of the worst forms of child labour in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua through the strengthening of the Labour Ministries and organisations of workers and employers. Period of implementation: 24 months (May 2006-Abril 2008) Donor: Labour Ministry of Canada

  11. IPEC Projects in Latin America and the Caribbean (III) Country and Limited Duration Programmes • Programme of Limited Duration for combating the worst forms of child labour in Costa Rica Sectors: Development of Policies and national capacities. Worst Forms of Child Labour Participating countries: Costa Rica Donor: Canada Implementation Period: 2003-2006 • Prevention and elimination of worst forms of child labour in Haiti Sectors: Boys, girls and adolescents employed in domestic work Participating Countries: Haiti Donor: Canada Implementation Period: 2004-2006 (Phase II) • Panama Country Programme: Combating the worst forms of child labour Sectors: Development of policies and national capacities, agriculture, urban work, ESCI Participating countries: Panama Donor: USDOL Implementation Period: 2002-2004 (Phase I) 2006-2009 (Phase II)

  12. IPEC Projects in Latin America and Caribbean (IV) Country and Limited DurationProgrammes • Programme of Limited Duration to combat the worst forms of child labour in the Dominican Republic Sectors:Development of policies and national capacities, Worst forms of child labour Country: Dominican Republic Donor: USDOL Implementation: 2002-2006 Phase I Phase II 2007-2009 Programme of Limited Duration to combat the worst forms of child labour in El Salvador Sectors: Domestic work. sexual exploitation, urban child labour Country: El Salvador Donor: USDOL Implementation period: 2002-2006 (Phase I) 2006-2009 (Phase II)

  13. IPEC Projects in Latin America and Caribbean (IV) Country and Limited Duration Programmes j Programme of Limited Duration to combat the worst forms of child labour in Ecuador Sectors: child labour on banana plantations, flower farms, ESCI, strengthening of national policy Country: Ecuador Donor: USDOL Implementation period: 2003-2006 Phase I Extension Phase II 2007-2010 Programme of Limited Duration to combat the worst forms of child labour in Brazil Sectors: domestic work, sexual exploitation, trafficking and cultivation of drugs, family agricultural work and urban child labour Country: Brazil Donor: USDOL

  14. IPEC Projects in Latin America (VI) PROJECTS IN THE CARIBBEAN Identification, elimination and prevention of the worst forms of child labour in the English-speaking Caribbean Area of influence: Belize, Surinam, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Bahamas, Jamaica and Barbados Direct action in Belize, Surinam, Trinidad and Guyana Strengthening of national capacities through regional meetings (CARICOM) for all member countries. Implementation period: June 2006 Donor: CANADA

  15. IPEC Projects In Latin America (VI) THEMATIC PROJECTS • Educational Initiative Programme Sectors: Child labour and education Country: El Salvador Donor: USDOL Implementation Period: 2002-2007 • Project for the progressive eradication of child labour in the gravel industry in Rehtalhuleu, Guatemala Sectors: gravel Country: Guatemala Donor: USDOL Implementation period: 2001-2006

  16. Regional Commitments Summit of the Americas (November 2005) Concrete goal: eliminate worst forms of child labour and reduce the number of children working in violation of national laws by2020 Iberian-American Summit of Ministers and High-level Representatives for Children and Adolescents (September 2005) Adopt and promote National Plans of Prevention and Eradication of Child Labour with goals and temporary concrete frameworks

  17. Declaration of the Presidents of MERCOSUR on the eradication of child labour (July, 2002)

  18. Plan for promotion of employment and decent work in Central America and the Dominican Republic Tegucigalpa, June 2005 • Conduct an evaluation in each country on the level of similarity between the national legislations and ILO Conventions 138 and 182, establishing needs for harmonising the legislation. 2. Propose the corresponding recommendations, with specific guidelines for harmonisation of the legislation and to advance in the regulation of specific related topics, for example, with the definition of the categories of work considered dangerous, etc. 3. In each country, negotiate a tripartite accord with bodies that foster dialogues to actively accompany the execution of national plans of action for the eradication of child labour 4. Draw up a proposal in the Council of Ministers of Labour in the sub-region, - and implement the recommendations – that make it possible to advance in the harmonisation and homogenisation of the definitions, criteria and instruments to measure child labour in a way that will be consistent with the national and international laws.

  19. Instruments of Policy Follow-up for the eradication of child labour IPEC Info Database of indicators of activities of girls and boys for Latin America and the Caribbean Versions available in English and Spanish International Programme for the Eradication of Child Labour (IPEC) International Labour Organisation (ILO)

  20. CHILD LABOUR INFO IPEC Info

  21. CHILD LABOUR INFO • IPEC Info v2.0 includes data on 106 indicators. These indicators are grouped by: • 2 Sectors and their 3 respective classes • 15 Topics (by default) • 2 Conventions (3 articles of Convention 138 on minimum age of admission to work (1973), and 2 articles of the convention on the prohibition of the worst forms of child labour (1999)

  22. Build the future, invest in childrenEconomic study of the costs and benefits of eradicating child labour in Iberian-America Foto: A. Rosa

  23. Purpose of Study • Demonstrate that even when solely economic criteria are used, the eradication of child labour and school attendance by all boys and girls is ‘beneficial’ not only for the boys and girls and their homes but also for the society as a whole. • This is achieved through the implementation of a programme, involving costs and benefits on the basis of which the ‘net’ benefits can be estimated (cost-benefit methodology). Foto: A. Rosa

  24. Propuesta OIT/IPEC • Increase coverage and quality of education so that within 20 years ALL boys and girls between 6-14 years of age attend school (independently of whether they work or not): in 15 years the children between 6-11 years of age attend school (beginning in 2006 until 2020), and in 15 years the children between 12-14 years of age attend school (beginning in 2011 until 2025). • In a period of 10 years (2006-2015) eradicate COMPLETELY the worst forms of child labour through direct intervention that assures important improvements in health over the long term.

  25. Costs and Benefits of the proposal • COSTS: • Educational offering: Cost of increasing coverage and improving the quality of public education. • Costs for homes: • Opportunity cost for families represented by the value of child labour not received. • Other costs for families: uniforms, school supplies, transport, etc. • IPEC Proposal to reduce these costs for families: execute a programme of transfers to all children of families in a situation of extremepoverty, equal to 80% of the value of child labour (opportunity cost), • Cost of direct intervention: cost of achieving the urgent eradication of the worst forms of child labour.

  26. Costs and Benefits of the proposal • BENEFITS: • Education: by having a better educated population that will receive higher work income (it is the only thing measured). • Health : due to the injuries that boys and girls will no longer suffer as a result of no working and that have an effect on their future income. Other benefits, like the impact on the cost of health services and others, are not taken into account.

  27. Net economic benefit (not considering transfers) Iberoamerica (19 countries): net economic benefit or eradicating child labour in millions of $ US PPA without discount and with 5% discount, by sub-region. without discount with 5% discount IBER North Andean South IBER North Andean South Total Costs 105,727 40,208 36,255 29,265 61,005 23,149 20,282 17,574 Education offering 56,502 21,154 23,536 11,812 29,753 11,104 12,270 6,379 Admin. Prog. transfers 5,852 2,570 1,338 1,944 3,340 1,473 762 1,105 Interventions 14,904 5,553 3,532 5,819 11,481 4,264 2,719 4,498 Opportunity costs 28,468 10,930 7,848 9,690 16,431 6,308 4,531 5,591 Total Benefits 341,180 148,427 100,351 92,401 76,053 33,006 22,368 20,680 Education 339,035 147,653 99,850 91,532 74,854 32,573 22,087 20,193 Health 2,144 774 502 869 1,200 433 280 487 Net economic benefit 235,452 108,220 64,097 63,136 15,049 9,857 2,085 3,106

  28. Action of IPEC in Latin America www.oit.or.cr/ipec

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