Wednesday, March 27, 2018 Day 2

1. ScienceStarters Sheet Agenda Science Notebook 1. Please have these Items on your desk. Wednesday, March 27, 2018 Day 2 2- Science Starter: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSmL2F1t81Q Name the three sub-categories of symbiosis

2. Table of contents update • Pg. 119 3/6 Symbiosis notes

3. Ecology Unit learning goals • • I can explain how an organism’s behavior allows it to survive in an environment. • • I can describe how an organism can maintain a stable internal environment while living in a constantly changing external environment. • • I can determine characteristics of organisms that could change over several generations. • • I can compare the symbiotic and competitive relationships in organisms within an ecosystem. • • I can analyze the following behavioral cycles of organisms: hibernation, migration and dormancy (plants). • • I can describe factors that allow for survival of living organisms such as protective coloration, beak design, seed dispersal, and pollination.

4. Relationships in Nature

5. What is symbiosis? Two organisms that live together Temporarily or for a longer time At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

6. Mutualism Commensalism What are the different kinds of symbiosis? one organism benefits one organism benefits Parasitism both organisms benefit one organism is unaffected one organism is harmed

7. Parasitism • Causes harm to host • The parasite benefits, the host is harmed or in some cases killed.

8. Example 6:Taenia worm in human eye Worm infects humanblood streamHuman may go blind Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

9. Zombie Caterpillars -Slave Bodyguard • Wasp lays its eggs in the body of a caterpillar. • This is a three layered parasitic infection. • The wasps disable the caterpillar’s immune system, allowing the wasp eggs to survive. • The eggs hatch and feed on the caterpillar, but do not kill it. Instead, the caterpillar stops developing and spends the rest of its life protecting the wasp larva, even going as far as spinning its own cocoon around the wasp pupae. • When the adult wasp emerges from its cocoon, the zombie caterpillar finally tastes the sweet release of death.

10. Example 1:Acacia plant with ant galls Ants lay eggs on acacia treeAcacia covers the infected area withbrown flesh (gall) Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

11. Commensalism • Only one member benefits • sharing space, defense, shelter, food • Neither will die if relationship is ended • Shrimp & sea cucumber The Shrimp hitch a ride on the large sea cucumbers. The shrimpsget transported through a large area of potential food by their host with only a minimal expenditure of energy on their part. They can be observed getting off their host cucumber to feed in productive areas, and back on for a ride to the next spot! http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm

12. Example 3:Cattle with cattle egrets Cattle stir up insects as they eat grassEgrets hangaround and eat insects Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

13. Example 2:Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish Moray Eel gets a clean mouth. Cleaner Fish gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit

14. Mutualism • Both organisms derive mutual benefit • Neither can survive without the other • Tickbirds and rhinos

15. Example 4:Clown fish with anemone Clown fish gets protection Anemone gets food Mutualism: Both benefit

16. Example 5:Antelope with Oxbird Antelope getsrid of parasites Oxbird gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit

17. Honey Bee & the Dandelion • Honey bee • gets to eat the pollen from the flower. • Dandelion • uses the bee to spread its pollen to another flower

18. Definition of Adaptation • Characteristics that allow an animal to survive in its environment. These characteristics allow the animal to find food, protect themselves, communicate, and mate • Can be physical or behavioral

19. Competition • In a biological community, competitionis the struggle between individuals or different populations for a limited resource • In an ecosystem, competition may occur within the same species (two bushes competing for same water source) • Can also occur between members of different species

20. Cooperation • Not all interactions in an ecosystem involve competition. • Cooperation is an interaction in which organisms work in a way that benefits them all. Some predators cooperate when they hunt

21. Limiting Factors in an ecosystem • a limiting factor is one that controls a process, such as organism growth or species population size or distribution. • The availability of food, predation pressure, or availability of shelter are examples of factors that could be limiting for a species population in a specific area. Climate, space, food, water and predators are limiting factors.