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English Colonies in America: Jamestown, Plymouth, and the Middle Colonies

Learn about the founding and early struggles of the English colonies in America, including Jamestown, Plymouth, and the Middle Colonies. Discover the reasons why settlers came to North America, the challenges they faced, and the growth of self-government.

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English Colonies in America: Jamestown, Plymouth, and the Middle Colonies

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  1. Chapter 3 England in America Section 1

  2. The 13 English Colonies (1607-1733) England defeats the Spanish Armada (Navy) clearing the oceans for exploring and settlement (1588) • Why did they come to the North American colonies? • Pursuit of wealth • Wanted land • Religious freedom

  3. Jamestown • 1st permanent English Colony • Roanoke Island - colony • Merchants provided the financial backing for colonies (Not the King) • They set up joint stock companies • The King then issued a charter (document that gave colonists the right to settle and trade a particular area).

  4. Jamestown 1607 • 144 men, 40 died on the voyage over. • Bad water, lots of mosquitoes (malaria, typhoid). • Men had no wilderness experience • Only 38 alive after 1 year. Jamestown, Virginia, was the site of the first permanent English settlement in the Americas. The settlers chose a location close to the water, hoping to establish a thriving community.

  5. Jamestown survives • John Smith • Native Americans (Pocahontas) • 500 new settlers (some women) arrive from England. • Smith is injured and returns to England • Bad winter, food runs low (called “starving time”) only 60 survive. • Even with this painful beginning, more settlers soon arrive.

  6. Jamestown grows • Tobacco Plantations • Indentured servants/slaves help plantations grow • Native American relations start out good, but as time passes they are strained. • (1622) Native Americans attack and kill 350 people. A battle ensues and colonists gain control. • Beginning of self government • House of Burgesses – elected representative body in America

  7. AMERICA: STORY OF US (JAMESTOWN)

  8. Chapter 3 Section 2

  9. Plymouth Colony • Founded by religious separatists from England (Pilgrims). • Church of England (Anglican)- attempted to return to a more Catholic church. • Two groups of people emerged: • Separatists- left church and went elsewhere. First to Netherlands and later to America. • Puritans- stayed in the church and attempted to reform it from within.

  10. (1620) Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth, England to go to Virginia. (102 people) • Mayflower Compact - document setting up government and agreeing to obey laws • Cape Cod, MA. - name it Plymouth • Struggle to survive, but receive help from the Native Americans (First Thanksgiving)

  11. AMERICA: THE STORY OF US (PILGRIMS)

  12. Started in 1630 1000 in first settlement Boston Established by Roger Williams Great migration 16,000 in 10 yrs. Religiously tolerant Better farming than Mass. Rhode Island Puritans, bible only accepted way Massachusetts Bought land from N. Americans New England Colonies Commonwealth w/general court Puritans who felt crowded in Boston Offshoot of Mass. Because of crowding Founded by Thomas Hooker (Hartford) Connecticut New Hampshire More clashes with N. Americans- (King Philip’s War) Clashes with N. American (Pequot Wars) Fundamental Orders of Gov’t- first constitution

  13. Chapter 3 Middle Colonies Section 3

  14. Middle colonies - Dutch, but the English wanted to connect their northern colonies with Maryland and Virginia. • New Amsterdam - Manhattan Island. • English took over New York

  15. Middle colonies were King controlled. He put the leaders into place. Seized by English in 1664 Religious freedom Religious freedom Offshoot of N.Y. New Jersey New York 1st settled by Dutch who bought Manhattan for $24 Started by Lord Berkeley and Sir George Cataret James, Duke of York first owner Middle Colonies Founded by William Penn, King owed him money Delaware Started so that Penn. could have seaports Pennsylvania Quakers (all people equal) different religion and beliefs Later is allowed to govern itself All were welcomed

  16. Founded by Lord Baltimore Toleration Act- guaranteed all the right to worship Jamestown Refuge for Catholics Bacon’s rebellion settlers would expand Virginia Maryland Gave away land based on # of settlers in the group Southern Colonies Started by wealthy nobles, only nobles were welcomed Started by James Oglethorpe Crops rice and indigo Carolinas Georgia Large slave holding area Buffer between England and Spain Set up to help poor and debtors, but grew slowly because of strict rules Capital is Charleston, but later splits into two colonies

  17. As English Colonies began, France and Spain were also in the New World. • France • Founded Quebec in 1608 (Samuel de Champlain) • Claim most of present day Canada (Acadia) • Maintain peaceful relations with the Native Americans. • Explored Great Lakes and Mississippi River (Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette) • Claimed Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico and all adjacent lands.(La Salle)

  18. New France – name of French empire in North America • It included Canada and Parts of United States. • Grows as fur trading increases • Fox, otter and beaver – highly prized in Europe • Set up trading posts and continued to expand inward • Detroit, St. Louis, New Orleans all part of New France

  19. Spain • Mexico, South and Central America, Caribbean, Florida, Texas, and Southwest • Spanish sent missionaries to continue to expand empire so as to not lose any to other countries. Rivalries between European nations carried over into the Americas. France and Britain fought many wars in early 1700’s and there was constant conflict

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