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Early Detection of Invasive Fishes in Lake Superior

Early Detection of Invasive Fishes in Lake Superior. Outline. Thunder Bay. Development of an AIS monitoring program Theory behind detecting rare species Cooperative monitoring efforts M onitoring program evaluation Recent progress in Lake Superior. St. Louis River. Upper St. Marys.

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Early Detection of Invasive Fishes in Lake Superior

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  1. Early Detection of Invasive Fishes in Lake Superior

  2. Outline Thunder Bay • Development of an AIS monitoring program • Theory behind detecting rare species • Cooperative monitoring efforts • Monitoring program evaluation • Recent progress in Lake Superior St. Louis River Upper St. Marys

  3. A threat to the ecosystem Continual threat of new invasions • Coordinated Science and Monitoring Initiative • Lake Superior Aquatic Invasive Species Comp. Prevention Plan • Lake Superior Lakewide Management Plan • Lake Superior Fish Community Objectives (2003)

  4. Developing a Monitoring Program 2005-2007 in St. Louis River Estuary Trebitz et al. (2009) Exploiting habitat and gear patterns for efficient detection of rare and non-native benthos and fish in Great Lakes coastal ecosystems. Aquatic Invasions. Goal is early detection!

  5. Species Accumulation Presence/Absence • Only need to detect one • Non-detection does not equate to non-presence • Common species are easy to detect • Much effort is required to detect the rarest species Rare species Many samples Common species Few samples

  6. Experimental Sampling • 2010-2012, August-September • Random allocation of sample locations

  7. Electrofishing Fyke Netting Trawling

  8. Electrofishing Fyke Netting Trawling

  9. Electrofishing Fyke Netting Trawling

  10. Non-Natives Detected Thunder Bay (135 samples) Total Richness = 37 Alewife Common carp Eurasian ruffe Fourspinestickleback Rainbow smelt Round goby Tubenose goby Threespine stickleback St. Louis River (150 samples) Total Richness = 39 Alewife Brook silverside Common carp Eurasian ruffe Freshwater Drum Rainbow smelt Round goby Tubenose goby Threespine stickleback White perch Upper St. Marys(135 samples) Total Richness = 36 Alewife Brook silverside Rainbow smelt Threespine stickleback

  11. Gear mixtures to maximize richness? St. Louis River Upper St. Marys Thunder Bay • Randomly selected 0, 2, 4, …, 20 fyke net records and added 0, 2, 4, …, 20 electrofishing and 0, 2, 4, …, 20 trawl records to reach a total of 20 stations (66 possible gear combinations) • Plotted mean richness from 10 random draws of each gear combination

  12. Rarefaction St. Louis River Upper St. Marys River Thunder Bay (EstimateS software)

  13. Estimated Species Richness Parameters: total fish, singletons, doubletons (EstimateS) Chao et al. (2009) Sufficient sampling for asymptotic minimum species richness estimators. Ecology Hoffman et al. (2011) Effort and potential efficiencies for aquatic non-native species early detection. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

  14. Summary of Evaluation • Multi-gear approach • 40% Fyke Nets, 40% Electrofishing, 20% Trawls • Effort requirements for 95% detections ~ Met with 3 years of effort • Substantial effort for 100% • Great community survey We have an effective AIS monitoring program!

  15. 2013 Progress in Lake Superior • St. Louis, Upper St. Marys, Thunder Bay • Added Chequamegon Bay, WI and Lower St. MarysRiver • Other locations throughout Great Lakes • St. Louis River larval fish • Chequamegon Bay invertebrates • Isle Royale fish and intertebrates (2012)

  16. Questions?

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