Blood and Circulation Ch 7 and 8

1. Blood and CirculationCh 7 and 8 Circulatory System Mechanism for moving blood Blood the medium of transfer

2. Blood Transports Bio 130 Human Biology

3. Components of blood • Plasma 55% • albumin, osmotic balance • globulins, immune and transport • fibrinogens, blood clotting • other dissolved substances • Blood cells 45% Bio 130 Human Biology

4. Know the proportions, serum is 8% something else, know what?

5. Blood functions • Transportation • Regulation • Defense • 4-6 liters depending on size roughly 8% of body mass Bio 130 Human Biology

6. Fig 7.5 The Formed elements come from stem cells

8. Platelets Leukocytes (WBC) Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Agranulocytes Monocytes Lymphocytes Erythrocytes Define Granulocyte Define agranulocytes Formed elements to know Bio 130 Human Biology

10. leukocytotaxia

11. Oxygen transport in the blood • Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrier • Oxygen released at low pH and low oxygen content and heat • Oxygen binding preferred with neutral pH, high oxygen content and cool conditions • Oxyhemoblobin is bright red • Only a little oxygen is carried in the serum Bio 130 Human Biology

12. Red Blood cell production • Erythropoietin made in the kidneys is a stimulus for stem cell division • Red blood cells live for 120 days • Red blood cells are produced in the marrow of hollow bones • Most parts of old blood cells are reused, bilirubin is excreted in the feces • Count: 5million per microliter Bio 130 Human Biology

13. What type of regulation is this?

14. The relation of blood to oxygen carrying capacity • Hematocrit: amount of blood volume taken up by cells • 43-49% males • 37-43% females • Anemia • Leukemia Bio 130 Human Biology

15. Blood typing • Surfaces of our cells identify us as “self” • ABO system • Rh system (ok only once) • Over 400 other antigens exist • See tutorial Bio 130 Human Biology

16. Bio 130 Human Biology

18. Agglutinate

19. Other problems with blood type • Hemolytic disease of the newborn Bio 130 Human Biology

20. Bio 130 Human Biology

21. Hemostasis • Vascular spasms constrict blood vessels to reduce blood flow. • Platelets stick together to seal a ruptured vessel • Blood clot forms around the platelet plug Bio 130 Human Biology

24. Problems with blood • Hemophilia • Leukemia • Blood poisoning • Reduction of blood cell population • Increase of blood cell population Bio 130 Human Biology

25. Anemias or too little oxygen • Lack of RBC • lack of iron • lack of vitamin B12 • congenital disorder Bio 130 Human Biology

26. The Cardiovascular System Heart & Blood Vessels

27. Cardiovascular system components • Blood • liquid medium of transport • Heart • pump that generates pressure • Blood vessels • distribution tubes of varying diameters Bio 130 Human Biology

28. Things to know. Heart, Aorta, vena cava, pulmonary veins/arteries. Coronary arteries

29. Know the basic sequence of how the blood flows

30. Just like we went through the structure of the intestines, know the structure of veins and arteries

32. This is the same as figure 8.4 be able to describe this figure and explain what it is showing?

33. Veins return blood from the capillaries to the heart • Consist of 3 layers like arteries but are much weaker • The lumens are larger • Blood flows slower • Have valves • Muscles help move blood through the veins Bio 130 Human Biology

34. Layers of a blood vessel • Endothelium- thin inner layer of epithelial • Thick middle layer of smooth muscle • Outermost layer of connective tissue provides strength • An aneurysm is a blowing outward of the artery wall Bio 130 Human Biology

35. Capillaries: • Where blood exchanges substances with tissue • Every living cell is near one capillary • Walls are a single layer of epithelial tissue • Substances move from a high to a low concentration • Cell wall is very porous • Liquid movement is very slow Bio 130 Human Biology

37. Know the Hearts location and its relation with its neighbors. What does the pericardium do?

39. Circulation routs • Pulmonary (right side) • Systemic (left side) • Be able to follow the flow of a drop of blood Bio 130 Human Biology

40. Another example of blood circulation Bio 130 Human Biology

42. Cardiac muscle (myocardium) pericardium: tough fibrous sack endocardium: smooth lining of connective tissue 2 halves atrium ventricle Valves AV semilunar coronary arteries branch off the aorta and provide the heart with blood. Structure of the Heart Bio 130 Human Biology

44. Heartbeat: The cardiac cycle • Contraction: systole • Relaxation: Diastole • The heart sounds • lub closing of AV valves • dub closing of semilunar valves Bio 130 Human Biology

45. Same as fig 8.11 Bio 130 Human Biology

47. Cardiac Conduction System Coordinates Contraction • SA node: cardiac pacemaker • AV node: relay impulse • AV bundle and Purkinje fibers: carry impulse to ventricles Bio 130 Human Biology Figure 8.13

49. Mechanisms of heart contraction • The cardiac conduction system is self excitatory • Sinoartial node is the cardiac pacemaker • Atrioventricular node stimulated by SA node • Purkinje fibers Bio 130 Human Biology

50. Other control (nervous) • Sympathetic • increase heart rate • Parasympathetic • decrease • Centers for nervous control lie in spinal cord and brain (medulla oblongata) Bio 130 Human Biology