1. Blood and Blood Circulation Mr. Jeff Peterson Fulbright Exchange Teacher from Indiana, USA

2. Blood and Blood Circulation

3. Blood and Blood Circulation • Steps in blood clotting diagram • Structure of Human Heart • It is located in thoracic cavity • It is found above diaphragm between 2 lungs • It is enclosed in a double walled membrane called pericardium • Pericardial fluid found between the heart and pericardium which acts like a shock absorber and prevents friction.

4. Blood and Blood Circulation • Structure of Human Heart (cont.) • It contains 4 chambers (upper 2 chambers = auricles, lower 2 chambers = ventricle) • The walls of ventricles are thicker then auricles to withstand high pressure. • The right side is separated from left by A.V. Septum. • The right side contains impure blood and left side contains pure blood.

5. Blood and Blood Circulation • Structure of Human Heart (cont.) • Tri-cuspid valves are found between right auricle and right ventricle. • Bi-cuspid valves are found between left auricle and left ventricle. • Valves to prevent backward flow of impure blood. • Pulmonary artery carries impure blood from right ventricle to lungs for purification.

6. Blood and Blood Circulation • Structure of Human Heart (cont.) • Aorta carries pure blood from left ventricle to different parts of our body. • Right auricle receives impure blood from different parts of the body from superior venacavaand inferior venacava. • Left auricle receives pure blood from lungs through pulmonary vein.

7. Blood and Blood Circulation • Structure of Human Heart (cont.) • At the starting point of pulmonary artery and aorta semilunar valves are present to prevent backward flow of blood from arteries to ventricles.

8. Blood and Blood Circulation • Immunity • The ability of the body to fight against the diseases is called immunity. • It is classified into 2 types. They are: • Natural Immunity • Acquired Immunity • Active • Passive

9. Blood and Blood Circulation • Natural Immunity • It is the immunity present from the time of birth and is caused through the mother’s blood.

10. Blood and Blood Circulation • Anaemia • In poor health and in certain diseases like malaria, the number of red corpuscles is very much reduced in the blood leading to a state of anaemia. • Symptom • The oxygen supply of the body is reduced resulting in weakness, sluggishness, constant fatigue and loss of desire for food.

11. Blood and Blood Circulation • Composition of Blood Plasma • It is the liquid part of the blood. • It is yellowish in color • It contains 92% of it is water, the balance 8% begin dissolved proteins and other nutrients together with mineral salts.

12. Blood and Blood Circulation • Function of Plasma • It carries the absorbed nutrients to all parts of the body. • It also collects waste from it. • It equalizes the body temperature by removing excess of heat from one part to another or getting it lost through the skin.

13. Blood and Blood Circulation • Thrombosis • Thrombosis is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel as a result of an injury. • Antigens • Antigens are substances of the nature of proteins or of complex sugar and are found on the red blood cells. • An antigen is a substance foreign to the blood.

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15. Blood and Blood Circulation • Acquired Immunity

16. Blood and Blood Circulation • Diastole • The relaxation of heart chambers is called diastole. • The blood pressure is measured by an instrument sphygmomanometer • Normal blood pressure is 120/80 • 120: systolic pressure • 80: diastolic pressure

17. Blood and Blood Circulation • Blood Pressure • The pumping action of the heart maintain the pressure of blood in the arteries is called blood pressure.

18. Blood and Blood Circulation