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Understanding Prokaryotes: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

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Learn about the classification, identification, movement types, metabolic diversity, and importance of prokaryotes including Eubacteria and Archaebacteria. Discover their shapes, cell walls, growth, and reproduction processes.

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Understanding Prokaryotes: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

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  1. Bacteria19-1 BIO 1004 Flora

  2. Classifying Prokaryotes • 2 Categories • _________________ • _________________ • Eubacteria • Larger of the 2 kingdoms • Live anywhere • Surrounded by _____________ • Contain peptoglycan (___________________) • Protects from injury • Inside cell wall is cell membrane • Some of these bacteria have a second membrane • Makes it resistant to damage

  3. Cont. Types • Archaebacteria • Look similar to eubacteria, but differ chemically • Lack _________________ and also have different membrane lipids • DNA is more like eukaryotes • Live in harsh environments

  4. ID of Prokaryotes • Shape • Rod Shaped – bacilli • Spherical – ________ • Spiral -spirilla • Cell Walls • Gram staining is used to determine what type (how many) of cell wall the bacteria has (2 or 1)

  5. ID of Prokaryotes Cont. • Cell Walls Cont. • Gram positive – thick peptoglycan and retain __________ color • Gram negative – much thinner walls and ____________ color Types of movement - snake, whip, glide, or no movement

  6. Metabolic Diversity • Heterotrophs (2 types) • Chemoheterotrophs – must take in organic molecules for energy and carbon supply • _________________– use sunlight for energy, but also need to take in organic molecules • Autotrophs • Photoautotrophs – use sunlight to make carbon compounds from __________ • Live in deep ocean

  7. Releasing Energy • Obligate aerobes – organisms that require oxygen • Obligate anaerobes – do not require oxygen • Soil bacteria – clostridium botulinum • __________ anaerobes – survive with or without oxygen • Can live anywhere

  8. Growth and Reproduction • 3 Types • Binary Fission – replicates DNA and divides in half • asexual • Conjugation – hollow bridge forms between bacterial cells • ________ and _________ move from one cell to the other • Increases genetic diversity • Spore formation • Occurs when reproduction is unfavorable • ________________ – DNA enclosed in thick walls • Can remain dormant for years

  9. Importance of Bacteria • Decomposers • Nitrogen fixation • Importance in humans • Digestion • E. coli

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