CONTRACEPTIVES

1. CONTRACEPTIVES The Facts….

2. What are Contraceptives??? • A substance, device, or choice used to prevent pregnancy • 1. Barrier methods…………… • 2. Chemical methods………………… • 3. Permanent Methods…………….. • 4. Choice Methods………………………

3. A Girl Can Become Pregnant • At any time a sperm cell and an egg cell meet • If she is not using contraceptives effective/ or if she is using contraceptives effectively • During her menstrual cycle

4. Types of Contraceptives • Abstinence (only 100% effective way) • Nuva Ring • Withdrawl • Tubal Ligation • The Birth Control Pill • Spermicides • Diaphragm • Cervical Cap • Morning After Pill • Vascectomy • Male Condom • Female Condom • Sponge • Norplant • The Patch • Intrauterine Device (IUD) • Rhythm Method-Family Planning Method • Deprova-Shot

5. Nuva Ring NuvaRing is a different kind of birth control.  It’s a flexible contraceptive ring that is about two inches in diameter is used to prevent pregnancy. It is inserted into the vagina once a month. The muscles in the vaginal wall will keep NuvaRing in place for three weeks. During that time, it will slowly release a low dose of hormones that are needed to prevent pregnancy. It is removed during the week of the menstural cycle and a new one is used each time. It is 99% effective It costs about $25-30 dollars per ring

6. Abstinence Abstinence is not having sex. A person who decides to practice abstinence has decided not to have sex. It is the only 100% effective way to avoid unwanted pregnancy and STD’s Abstinence is free Abstinence will help build a relationship stronger BECAUSE, there will be no harm done physically nor emotionally.

7. Withdrawal- not a reliable method! Withdrawal is when a male removes his penis from the vagina just before he ejaculates (also called coitus interruptus or pulling out). Withdrawal is an attempt to keep sperm from entering the vagina by having the guy ejaculate outside the vagina. Over the course of 1 year, about 27 out of 100 typical couples who rely on withdrawal to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy. Withdrawal is not a reliable way to prevent pregnancy and is considered the least effective method of birth control. Most males have a difficult time knowing exactly when they should withdraw the penis or don't have the willpower to pull out while they are having sex. Males will also produce pre ejaculate.

8. Tubal Ligation A tubal ligation is a surgical procedure whereby a woman’s fallopian tubes are cut, clamped, blocked or tied to prevent her eggs from traveling down to her uterus. It also blocks the sperm from traveling along the tube to meet the egg. The egg will not reach the uterus and will dissolve. Eggs will still be produced. Tubal ligation is 99.95% effective It cost between $1000-$3000 dollars

9. The Pill The birth control pill (also called "the Pill") is a daily pill that contains the hormones estrogen and progesterone that prevent pregnancy. Hormones are chemical substances that control the functioning of the organs of the body. In this case, the hormones in the Pill control the ovaries and the uterus. Over the course of 1 year, 5 to 8 out of 100 typical couples who rely on the Pill to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy The pill cost about $25-30 per pack

10. Spermacides Spermicides are a jelly, cream, or foam chemical product that are inserted in a woman's vagina before sex that inactivate or kill sperm. 20 to 25% failure rate (typical use) in the first year of use. Effectiveness is improved if spermicides are used in conjunction with mechanical barrier methods, most commonly condom, diaphragm, and cervical cap. Spermicides can be bought over the counter and are around $10.

11. Diaphragm The diaphragm is a dome-shaped bowl made of thin, flexible rubber that sits over the cervix. . The diaphragm keeps sperm from entering the uterus by blocking the cervix. For added protection, spermicide is put into the bowl of the diaphragm and along its edges before inserting the diaphragm high into the vagina so it covers the cervix. Over the course of 1 year, 16 out of 100 typical couples who rely on the diaphragm to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy. A diaphragm usually costs about $30 to $50. It should be replaced every 2 years.

12. Cervical Cap A thimble-shaped, soft rubber cap with a round rim that is fitted by a health professional to fit around your cervix. The cap is placed inside the vagina to cover the cervix. It is recommended that spermicide be added to increase the effectiveness of this method. The cervical cap is 80% effective when used with spermicides. Cervical caps are fitted by doctors and cost around $50 dollars.

13. Morning After Pill-Emergency Contraceptive Pill Emergency contraception (also known as the morning-after pill) is a high dosage of the birth control pill. It is recommended to be used after sexual intercourse, over a period of 72 hours, to achieve the goal of preventing (or ending) pregnancy This pill is controversial, said to terminate pregnancies. This pill will not terminate a pregnancy, it will only ensure the sperm does not reach the egg. The morning after pill is 99.9 percent effective The morning after pill can be around $20-40

14. Vasectomy Vasectomy is a permanent birth control method. In some conventional clinics all or part of the vasa deferentia are surgically removed, thus sterilizing the patient. Vasectomies are 99.9% effective They usually cost around $5,000-$13,000

15. Male Condom Condoms are considered a barrier method of contraception. There are male condoms and female condoms. A male condom is a thin latex (a type of rubber) sheath that is worn on the penis. Condoms are 80% effective Condoms are the only contreceptive that also protects against STD’s. Condoms cost anywhere from 75 cents to $5 a box

16. Female Condom The female condom is inserted into the vagina using the closed-end ring. The other ring creates the open end of the condom. The sheath then lines the walls of the vagina creating a barrier between the sperm and the cervix. A new condom should be used each time you have sex and it must be used from start to finish every time you have sex to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Over the course of 1 year, 15 out of 100 typical couples who rely on male condoms alone to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy. The use of the female condom is a little less reliable and 21 out of 100 couples will have an unintended pregnancy.

17. Sponge The sponge is a soft round piece of polyurethane foam containing several different spermicides. It can stay in your vagina up to 12 hours. The sponge: The sponge absorbs and traps sperm, uses spermicide to kill sperm, and sits in front of the cervix making it more difficult for sperm to enter . The sponge is 75 to 90% effective and if more effective if used with a different type of contreceptive such as a condom. The sponge cost around $5 and can only be used once.

18. Deprovera (the shot) The birth control shot is a long-acting form of progesterone, a hormone that is naturally manufactured in a girl's ovaries. The shot is given as an injection in the upper arm or in the buttocks once every 3 months to protect a woman from becoming pregnant. The deprovera shot is 99% effective It usually cost around $60 per month

19. Norplant Norplant is like a birth control pill that sits under your skin, slowly leaking out hormones over time-- up to 5 years. It's a set of 6 "matchsticks" made of Silastic rubber, containing the synthetic hormone progestin levonorgestrel, and is inserted by a professional in the skin of your upper arm. You can get them removed anytime up to 5 years after insertion (they must be removed then), and be aware that removal is generally more likely to cause difficulties than insertion. Norplant is very effective-99.9% The Norplant procedure can cost $500 with out insurance

20. The Patch The birth control patch is a thin, beige, 1 3/4-inch (4 1/2-centimeter) square patch that sticks to the skin. It releases hormones through the skin into the bloodstream to prevent pregnancy. She will place the patch on her skin once a week for 3 weeks in a row until her period starts, then she will start a new patch after her period Ongoing studies suggest the birth control patch may be as effective or nearly as effective as the birth control pill. That means that about 5 to 8 out of 100 couples will have an unintended pregnancy during the first year of use. The patch cost $30-$35 dollars a month

21. Intrauterine Device (IUD) The intrauterine device (IUD) is a piece of plastic, about the size of a quarter, that is placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy. There are two types of available IUDs. One is T-shaped and covered with copper wire. The other kind is a plastic coil that is coated and releases the hormone progesterone. The copper-coated IUD primarily prevents pregnancy by not allowing the sperm to fertilize the egg. When an IUD is coated with progesterone, the hormone works to prevent ovulation Over the course of 1 year, fewer than 1 out of 100 typical couples using an IUD will have an accidental pregnancy An IUD costs about $250 plus the cost of having a doctor insert and remove it. IUD’s need to be replaced about every 10 years.

22. Rhythm Method-Family Planning The rhythm method is a way to prevent pregnancy by not having sex around the time of ovulation. Couples who want to have a baby can also use this method to have sex during the time that they are most likely to get pregnant. It is sometimes called natural family planning, periodic abstinence, or fertility awareness. Over the course of 1 year, about 25 out of 100 typical couples who rely on the rhythm method to prevent pregnancy will have an accidental pregnancy. The rhythm method does not cost anything, but is one of the least effective types of birth control, nor has any side effects of a chemical birth control method.

23. Abortion- Not a method Abortion is the removal of a developing fetus within the first trimester.

24. More information about Abortions Abortions are legal in the United States. If a person is Pro-Life, they are completely against abortions, if they are Pro-Choice, they feel that females should be able to choose whether or not to have an abortion. A baby’s heart begins beating 21 days after conception An abortion can be performed legally with in the first 3 months of pregnancy Electrical brain waves have been recorded as early as forty days Abortions can cause future reproductive problems

25. General health risks related to chemical contraceptives……. • irregular menstrual bleeding • nausea, weight gain, headaches, dizziness, and breast tenderness • mood changes • blood clots (rare in women under 35 who do not smoke) • blood clots (in women over 35 who smoke)

26. Facts we all should know…. Even a single act of sexual intercourse can lead to pregnancy or an STD infection. A sexually active teen (boy or girl) who is not using any birth control has a 90% chance of conceiving a pregnancy within 1 year. Birth control is not a form of protection from STD’s No contraceptive is 100% effective Everyone will respond differently to different methods of contraceptives. Females should not be the only one concerned about contraceptives, males play a major role.

27. Other things to remember………. CONSIDER THE BENEFITS OF ABSTINENCE!!!!! The only 100% effective method! It bonds an intimate relationship between couples and helps you stay sexually healthy! If your partner is not comfortable having sex, respect their decision to remain sexually abstinent.

28. QUESTIONS??