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Mixtures & Solubility

Mixtures & Solubility. Separating Mixtures. Some mixtures like soil and water (and sand and water) can be separated through a filter. Questions. 1. How can you tell the difference between a mixture and a compound? 2. Why do water and oil separate?

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Mixtures & Solubility

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  1. Mixtures & Solubility

  2. Separating Mixtures • Some mixtures like soil and water (and sand and water) can be separated through a filter

  3. Questions • 1. How can you tell the difference between a mixture and a compound? • 2. Why do water and oil separate? • 3. Are the properties of a compound always the same? Are the properties of a mixture always the same?

  4. Solution • Homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances that are evenly distributed (one is dissolved in another)

  5. Solute • Substance being dissolved

  6. Solvent • Substance that dissolves other materials • Water is the universal solvent

  7. Questions- Name the solvent and the solute(s) • 1. Carbonated water • 2. lemonade • 3. Air (78% N, 21% O) • 4. Brass (60 % copper, 40 % zinc)

  8. Dissolving • The process of mixing a solute in a solvent • To make a solution, a solute must dissolve in a solvent. • The particles of the solvent must be able to separate the particles of the solute and occupy the intervening spaces.

  9. Dissolving • Polar solvent molecules can effectively separate the molecules of other polar substances. This happens when the positive end of a solvent molecule approaches the negative end of a solute molecule. A force of attraction then exists between the 2 molecules. The solute molecule is pulled into solution when the force overcomes the attractive force between the solute molecule and its neighboring solute molecule.

  10. Solubility • Is the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given volume of water at a given temperature • Soluble- can be dissolved in a particular solvent • Insoluble- does not dissolve in a particular solvent • Factors that effect solubility: • Nature of solute & solvent • Temperature • Pressure (for solids & liquids no effect, for gaseous solutes an increase in pressure increases solubility and a decrease in pressure decreases solubility)

  11. Rate of Solution • Measure of how fast a substance dissolves • Factors: • Size of particles (smaller particles dissolve faster) • Stirring • Amount of solute already dissolved • Temperature ( T for solid and liquid rate)

  12. Describing Solutions • Can contain various amounts of solute. • Dilute- solutions containing small amounts of solute (weak sweet tea) • Concentrated- large amounts of solute (sweet sweet tea)

  13. Saturated Solution • Solution that contains MAXIMUM amount of solute • For most solids & liquids, if you increase the temperature of the solvent you increase the solubility • Opposite for a GAS; Increase temperature of a gas & solubility decreases (some of gas escapes from solution)

  14. Unsaturated • A solution that has not reached the limit of solute that will dissolve in it

  15. Supersaturated • Contains more than standard amount of solute • Ex. Rain, fog, dew, frost, other precipitation- comes out of solution because there is too much!

  16. Alloy • Solution of two or more metals • 14 Karat gold is an alloy that contains 14 atoms of gold out of every 24 atoms in the solution made up of silver and gold.

  17. Suspension • A mixture in which the particles of one substance become scattered through another substance without dissolving • Ex. Salad dressing, blood, milk, whipped cream

  18. Apply what you have learned.... • The dissolved oxygen content of water is very critical to marine life. • How well does oxygen dissolve in water when the temperature of water increases? • Relate this to “thermal pollution,” a serious concern near power plants and other industries that release heated water into streams and rivers.

  19. Question • What is the difference between melting and dissolving????

  20. Link to Medicine-Perfluorocarbons • O2 not very soluble in water but very soluble in perfluorocarbons (20 % more than we breathe) • Researchers have found premature infants can breathe oxygen generated perfluorocarbons effectively • Adults benefit too! Cleans the lungs • Possible blood substitute?

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