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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The Structure of the Solar System Lesson 2 The Inner Planets Lesson 3 The Outer Planets Lesson 4 Dwarf Planets and Other Objects Chapter Wrap-Up. NASA/JPL/USGS. Chapter Menu. What kinds of objects are in the solar system?. Chapter Introduction.

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  1. Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 The Structure of the Solar System Lesson 2 The Inner Planets Lesson 3The Outer Planets Lesson 4 Dwarf Planets and Other Objects Chapter Wrap-Up NASA/JPL/USGS Chapter Menu

  2. What kinds of objects are in the solar system? Chapter Introduction

  3. What do you think? Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree with each of these statements. As you view this presentation, see if you change your mind about any of the statements. Chapter Introduction

  4. 1. Astronomers measure distances between space objects using astronomical units. 2. Gravitational force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun. 3. Earth is the only inner planet that has a moon. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  5. 4. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system. 5. The outer planets also are called the gas giants. 6. The atmospheres of Saturn and Jupiter are mainly water vapor. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  6. 7. Asteroids and comets are mainly rock and ice. 8. A meteoroid is a meteor that strikes Earth. Do you agree or disagree? Chapter Introduction

  7. The Structure of the Solar System • How are the inner planets different from the outer planets? • What is an astronomical unit and why is it used? • What is the shape of a planet’s orbit? Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC

  8. The Structure of the Solar System • asteroid • comet • astronomical unit • period of revolution • period of rotation Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab

  9. What is the solar system? • Almost all of the specks of light you can see in the night sky are stars. • A few of the tiny lights are part of our solar system. • Stars are much farther away than objects in our solar system. Lesson 1-1

  10. Objects in the Solar System The largest object in the solar system is the Sun, a star. star Science Use an object in space made of gases in which nuclear fusion reactions occur that emit energy Common Use a shape that usually has five or six points around a common center Lesson 1-2

  11. Objects in the Solar System(cont.) • Planets orbit the Sun and have nearly spherical shapes. • The mass of a planet must be much larger than the total mass of all other objects whose orbits are close by. Lesson 1-2

  12. Objects in the Solar System(cont.) Eight of the objects in the solar system are planets. • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune Lesson 1-2

  13. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the inner planets. • The inner planets are mostly solid, rocky material. Lesson 1-2

  14. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are the outer planets. • The outer planets are mostly ice and gases, such as hydrogen and helium. Lesson 1-2

  15. Objects in the Solar System(cont.) Describe how the inner planets differ from the outer planets. Lesson 1-2

  16. Objects in the Solar System(cont.) • A dwarf planet is a spherical object that orbits the Sun and is not a moon or another planet. • Dwarf planets are in regions of the solar system where there are many objects orbiting nearby. Lesson 1-2

  17. Ceres, a dwarf planet, orbits the Sun as planets do. Lesson 1-2

  18. Objects in the Solar System(cont.) • Millions of small, rocky objects called asteroids orbit the Sun in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. • Asteroids vary in size and are usually not spherical. • A cometis made of gas, dust, and ice and moves around the Sun in an oval-shaped orbit. Lesson 1-2

  19. Objects in the Solar System(cont.) • Distances between objects in the solar system are extremely large. • Astronomers do not use meters or kilometers to describe these distances. • A more convenient unit is used—the astronomical unit (AU). • One AU is Earth’s average distance from the Sun—about 150,000,000 km. Lesson 1-2

  20. It is easier to express very large distances using astronomical units rather than kilometers. Lesson 1-2

  21. Objects in the Solar System(cont.) Define what an astronomical unit is and explain why it is used. Lesson 1-2

  22. The Motion of the Planets • The time it takes an object to travel once around the Sun is its period of revolution. • The time it takes an object to complete one rotation is its period of rotation. Lesson 1-3

  23. The Motion of the Planets (cont.) • A planet’s orbit is an ellipse—a stretched-out circle. • Focus points, or foci, determine the shape of the ellipse. Lesson 1-3

  24. The Motion of the Planets (cont.) Describe the shape of a planet’s orbit. Lesson 1-2

  25. The solar system contains the Sun, the inner planets, the outer planets, the dwarf planets, asteroids, and comets. Lesson 1 - VS

  26. An astronomical unit (AU) is a unit of distance equal to about 150 million km. Lesson 1 - VS

  27. The speeds of the planets change as they move around the Sun in elliptical orbits. Lesson 1 - VS

  28. What are most of the specks that you can see in the night sky? A. asteroids B. comets C. planets D. stars Lesson 1 – LR1

  29. What is a spherical object that orbits the Sun and is not a moon or another planet? A. asteroid B. astronomical unit C. comet D. dwarf planet Lesson 1 – LR2

  30. Which refers to the time it takes an object to complete one rotation? A. astronomical unit B. focus C. period of revolution D. period of rotation Lesson 1 – LR3

  31. 1. Astronomers measure distances between space objects using astronomical units. 2. Gravitational force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun. Do you agree or disagree? Lesson 1 - Now

  32. The Inner Planets • How are the inner planets similar? • Why is Venus hotter than Mercury? • What kind of atmospheres do the inner planets have? Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC

  33. The Inner Planets • terrestrial planet • greenhouse effect Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab

  34. Planets Made of Rock • Earth and the other inner planets—Mercury, Venus, and Mars—are also called the terrestrial planets. • Like Earth, the other terrestrial planets are made of rock and metallic materials and have a solid outer layer. Lesson 2-1

  35. Planets Made of Rock(cont.) terrestrial from Latin terrestris, means “earthly” Lesson 2-1

  36. The inner planets are roughly similar in size, with Earth being about two and half times larger than Mercury. Mercury: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of WashingtonVenus: NASA Earth: NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterMars: NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems Lesson 2-1

  37. Mercury is the smallest planet and the planet closest to the Sun. Lesson 2-2

  38. Mercury • Mercury’s gravity is not strong enough to hold an atmosphere. • Mercury’s temperatures are as high as 450°C on the side toward the Sun and as low as –170° on the side away from the Sun. • Like all inner planets, Mercury has a core made of iron and nickel. Lesson 2-2

  39. Mercury(cont.) How are the inner planets similar? Lesson 2-2

  40. Venus is the second planet from the Sun and is about the same size as Earth. Lesson 2-3

  41. Venus • The atmosphere of Venus is about 97 percent carbon dioxide. • The pressure of Venus’s dense atmosphere is 90 times greater than that of Earth’s atmosphere. • A thick layer of acid clouds covers Venus. Lesson 2-3

  42. Venus(cont.) • The greenhouse effect occurs when a planet’s atmosphere traps solar energy and causes the surface temperature to increase. • Because of its greenhouse effect, Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, with an average temperature of about 460°C. Lesson 2-3

  43. Venus(cont.) Why is Venus hotter than Mercury? Lesson 2-3

  44. Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Lesson 2-4

  45. Earth • A mixture of gases, including water vapor, make up Earth’s atmosphere and produce a greenhouse effect that raises its surface temperature. • A protective atmosphere, moderate surface temperatures, and the presence of liquid water support a variety of life on Earth. Lesson 2-4

  46. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and is about half the size of Earth. Lesson 2-5

  47. Mars • Images of Mars show features that might have been made by water, though no evidence of liquid water or life has been found. • The atmosphere of Mars is thin and made of about 95 percent carbon dioxide. • Temperatures on Mars range from about –125°C at the poles to about 20°C at the equator during the summer. Lesson 2-5

  48. Mars(cont.) Describe the atmosphere of each inner planet. Lesson 2-5

  49. The terrestrial planets include Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. Mercury: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of WashingtonVenus: NASA Earth: NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterMars: NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science Systems Lesson 2 - VS

  50. The inner planets all are made of rocks and minerals, but the characteristics of the planets are different. Earth is the only planet with water. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Lesson 2 - VS

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