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Morphology and Structure of Bacteria

Explore the world of bacteria with a focus on their morphology and structure, including size, shape, and special components like cell wall, flagellum, and more. Learn about Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls, L-form bacteria, and important proteins. Dive into the functions of capsules, flagella, pili, and spores, and their role in pathogenesis and identification. Understand the significance of bacterial spores and their resistance properties.

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Morphology and Structure of Bacteria

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  1. Morphology and Structure of Bacteria

  2. Size and shape • Size microscope μm • Shape planktonic biofilm

  3. Shape • coccus diplococcus streptococcus tetrads staphylococcus • bacillus • spiral bacterium vibrio helicobacterium

  4. Structure • Basic structure cell wall, cellular membrane cytoplasm,nucleoid • Special structure capsule,flagellum,pilus,spore

  5. G+ cell wall • peptidoglycan • Gram positive，G+ PeptidoglycanN-acetyl-glucosamine N-acetylmuramic acid Tetrapeptide side chain Peptide cross-bridge

  6. G+ peptidoglycan

  7. Special component of G+ cell wall • teichoic acid wall teichoic acid membrane teichoic acid （lipoteichoic acid，LTA）

  8. G- cell wall

  9. G- cell wall • peptidoglycan • Gram negative，G- peptidogycan N-acetyl-glucosamine N-acetylmuramic acid tetrapeptide side chain） L-ala-D-glu-DAP-D-ala

  10. Special component of G- cell wall • outer membrane lipoprotein lipid-bilayer lipopolysaccharide，LPS lipid A core O antigen

  11. G- cell wall

  12. functions • Gives the bacterial shape and prevents osmotic lysis • Transports materials inside and outside of bacterium • Possesses antigenic specificity • Provides many pathogenic properties

  13. L form • Definition bacteria that their peptidoglycan is destroyed or lost by various factors but they can survive under highly osmotic environment • Grow only in high solute concentration • Colony is like fried-eggs. • accomplished through the use of the enzyme lysozyme • Type • Protoplast: G+ bacteria • Spheroplast: G- bacteria

  14. cell membrane • active transport • respiratory chain component • biosynthesis • excretion

  15. cell membrane • penicillin-binding protein（PBP） • type III secretion system • two-component signal transduction

  16. Important protein

  17. Important protein

  18. cytoplasm • ribosome • plasmid • mesosome • cytoplasm granule （inclusion）

  19. nuclear material • nucleoid • chromosome • Mostly single copy • Few repeated sequence

  20. Special structure • capsule • flagellum • pilus（fimbriae） • spore

  21. capsule

  22. function • anti-phagocytosis （invasiveness） • adherence • Resistant to harmful materials

  23. flagella

  24. flagella

  25. function • motility • H antigen • Pathogenesis • classfication and identification

  26. pilus • ordinary pili adherence pathogenecity • sex pili conjugation

  27. pilus

  28. spore

  29. Function • nutritional depletion • resting cell • resistance • identification • Standard for sterilization

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