90 likes | 106 Vues
Workshop 4: Environmental and Cultural Assets. Rapporteur: Professor Mark Shucksmith. ESPON Seminar, Espoo, 14-15 November 2006. Introduction.
E N D
Workshop 4: Environmental and Cultural Assets Rapporteur: Professor Mark Shucksmith ESPON Seminar, Espoo, 14-15 November 2006
Introduction • Fisheries, environment, culture and tourism are assets which give places potential to achieve objectives of competitiveness, cohesion and sustainability (part of an array of tangible and intangible assets). • Tension between conservation and exploitation: one challenge is to develop a balanced strategy – how can ESPON help provide the evidence to assist this? • How to combine tangible and intangible assets? • How to build the capacity of places to manage these?
Tangible & Intangible Assets EU FP5 Dynamics of Rural Areas project shows how tangible and intangible assets can work together. Tangible resources now less important than intangibles. Key to economic performance were: • Institutional and governance structures • Social capital • Entrepreneurial spirit (presence of ‘creative class’?) • Education and skills • Attractive environment • Cultural resources
Fisheries (2.1.5) • Overexploitation of resource -> fleet reductions. • Growth in aquaculture, but environmental impacts. • NUTS3 unfit for studying spatial impacts -> LAU. • Spatial planning systems must cover both terrestrial and marine part of the coastal zone. • Lack of coordination between policies & programmes. • Effectiveness of FIFG programmes depends heavily on absorptive capacity of regions (governance and institutional capacity; resources; alternatives) • Combine best elements of the spatial planning system with best elements of voluntary partnership. • ESPON 2013: ‘area studies’ to unravel causality.
Cultural Assets (1.3.3) • Data difficulties, inconsistent databases –> ESPON 2013. • Base indicators: heritage assets, landscapes, museums (commodities); “creative class” (productive); cultural diversity, education level (capacity). • Three classifications developed: • Market: comparing visitor numbers with cultural assets; • Functional specialisations – how well do regions pursue conservation; production; and valorisation of assets? • Cross Thematic Analysis – with other ESPON measures. • Circular relation between culture and economic development suggests some strategies shown in diagram..
Low P, high S Under-exploitation of heritage High P, high S Potential for valorisation of heritage Increase demand (higher gear in cultural marketing) POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR HERITAGE RESOURCES “Balance” Create “alternative” cultural products to satisfy existing demand Capacity building: increase “new” cultural assets and use them in regional promotion strategies Reduce pressure levels (e.g. extreme protection) Low P, low S Cultural capacity deficit High P, low S Heritage at risk (excess demand pressure) SUPPLY OF HERITAGE RESOURCES
Impact of Environmental Policies (2.4.1) • Territorial trends: urban growth unevenly related to population Δ ; loss of natural & semi-natural areas not correlated with GDP Δ. • Can urban growth have positive environmental impact? • TIA methodology: environmental policy -> environment and territorial trends and so -> territorial objectives (eg. Natura 2000 designation reduces mining and quarrying especially in peripheral areas.) • Studied on different spatial levels: local, regional, national, transnational, and European level. • Method mainly mapping of two superimposed variables rather than multivariate analysis. Causality?
Tourism pilot project (1.4.5) • Trends: more, shorter trips; urban tourism; cheap flights. • But data only on international travel and includes business trips. • Future proposed work under ESPON 2013: • Travels and flows • Who is travelling where, for how long, and why? What mode? • Economic effects and employment • Demand side (tourist expenditures and consumption) • Supply side (accommodation, transportation, facilities, attractions) • Job creation and economic development • Environmental and social effects • Harmonise data to increase comparability: Eurostat data on bed spaces is not only useless but dangerous. • Address future challenges for tourist regions. Some case studies • Implications of Stern Report on Climate Change?
Discussion • How does management (and planning) of environmental and cultural assets affect spatial development? • Natural Heritage is viewed as an asset for attracting economic activities: does this require limitations on development? Tension between enabling and regulatory roles of spatial planning. • Are there virtuous circles: eg. does good scenery and culture attract ‘creative class’ who generate growth? How can this be promoted? • For ESPON 2013 a pilot study is advised focusing on the use of management and planning tools to see how intervention might protect, build and valorise these assets. • Common issue of data deficiencies suggest need both for data harmonisation and for complementary approaches.