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Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh. State Reorganization. Introduction/Disclaimer. AP is going through a lot of unrest because of recent announcements from the center addressing concerns from different regions of the state.

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Andhra Pradesh

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  1. Andhra Pradesh State Reorganization

  2. Introduction/Disclaimer • AP is going through a lot of unrest because of recent announcements from the center addressing concerns from different regions of the state. • Being away from the state for almost 20 years, I do not have first hand information even though I have been following the events closely through family, friends, and the media. • I am not a scholar on the history of state with regard to claims from different regions. • I tried to the best of my ability to verify the correctness of the statements in this presentation.

  3. Andhra Pradesh State Formation • Andhra state was formed on 10/1/1953 by carving out Telugu speaking areas from Madras State with Kurnool as its capital. • On 11/1/1956, Hyderabad State was split into 3 parts on linguistic basis. • The Telugu speaking part of Hyderabad State, Telangana, was merged with Andhra State to form the state of AP. • The State Reorganization Committee (SRC) did not recommend merging Telangana with Andhra State. • SRC recommended that Andhra and Telangana remain separate states until the following elections in 1961. They said that the merger could take place if the Telangana Assembly elected to do so with a 2/3 majority.

  4. Andhra Pradesh State Formation • However, Indian government decided to merge Telangana with the Andhra State to form the state of AP. • A “gentlemen’s agreement” was worked out to address the concerns of Telangana. It was signed by 4 leaders from each side including the CMs of Andhra and Hyderabad States. • Among other things, this agreement was to: • Facilitate the usage of additional revenues from Telangana for the development of the region. • Implement reservations in jobs and educational institutions to local candidates, ranging from 50% to 85% depending on the type of job.

  5. 1969-1973 Agitations • In 1969, concerns about the implementations of the “gentlemen’s agreement” and mulki (local candidate) were raised. With mulki laws nearing expiration, demands/agitations started for a separate state for the Telangana region. • Similar agitations started in Andhra to go back to the pre-1956 state where Andhra and Telangana regions were two separate states. • Discussions were held between leaders of the regions and the center. The “Six point formula” was worked out to address the concerns.

  6. Post-1973 Issues • The “six point formula” was to re-enforce the reservations for local people (GO 610), and for the development of backward regions among other things. • In later years, the “Officers Committee” was formed with 3 senior IAS Officers. The “One man committee” was formed with one senior officer/cabinet minister to look into violations of agreements. • Several cases in tribunals and courts regarding the implementation of various agreements about keeping different regions in a single state continue to be filed. • Every committee has found items to improve upon including recommendations, agreements, committees, etc.

  7. Post-1973 Issues (cont.) • Tribunals and courts continue to come up with judgments/orders to correct the variances in the implementation of GOs. • The latest such judgment is to transfer 150? employees from one region to another (police or education dept?). • Efforts are continuing to keep the regions/sub-states together as a single state.

  8. 2000-2009 Events • Efforts continue to keep the regions/sub-states together as a single state. Demands keep arising to annul the merger of the regions of Telangana and Andhra. • TRS was formed in 2001 with the single purpose of getting a separate state for Telangana. • All political parties in AP except CPM and MIM extended support for the formation of Telangana. • The current state of unrest in AP from 12/9/2009 when the center made the first announcement…

  9. Solution? • Possible solutions • Continue the state as is, AP, United Andhra. Come up with more agreements to keep the sub-states together as a single state. Apply a patch to keep the pieces together. Keep the issue on hold for a few more years when potential issues with the new agreements could be raised. • Make Telangana region a separate state. Complexities of forming a new state: What will be the capital of Andhra State? How will the new capital be developed? How do you protect the people who migrated from their home region to a different region?

  10. New States • Both Telangana and Andhra states will still be in the ~top-10 in terms of population among more than 30 states and UTs in India. • Both states will be bigger than more than 100 countries. • Both will have a viable size to be successful states each with its unique culture and self governing capabilities. • There is no need to continue to spend political and human energy and other valuable resources to maintain existing agreements, come up with new agreements, keep different entities together, etc. • This will leave the destiny of the regions in their own hands and will stop the blame game of injustices and perceived injustices.

  11. New States (cont.) • Ideal situation: • Bigger states offer advantages • Good to be united as Telugu speaking people • Not so ideal but realistic/pragmatic: • Do not continue with patch work of more agreements • “Unity in diversity” - Understand and respect the diversity of regions • Different states work together and extend cooperation to make two great Telugu states • All states together, irrespective of language, regions etc. is INDIA • “For Telangana” does not mean “against Andhra” and vice-versa. We are all Telugus and can work together to solve this issue.

  12. Hyderabad • Hyderabad was the capital of “Hyderabad State”. • It was part of the Telugu speaking region of Hyderabad State when the state was split into 3 parts. • It became the capital of AP when the state was formed. • Hyderabad had all the infrastructure to be the capital of AP since it was already the capital. SRC quoted the advantage of merging Telangana and Andhra states by saying it would solve the important issue of state capitals. • Based on the infrastructure available at that time, it was suggested that Hyderabad be the second capital of India. • Hyderabad was the fifth or sixth largest city at the time of the formation of AP. Its growth is proportionate to its size and it continues to be the fifth/sixth largest city in India.

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