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Preview p.20

Preview p.20. Could you be an impartial jury member in a trial of a parent accused of sexual abuse based on a recovered memory? Or of a therapist being sued for creating a false memory of abuse?. Memory. pp. 380 -393.

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Preview p.20

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  1. Preview p.20 • Could you be an impartial jury member in a trial of a parent accused of sexual abuse based on a recovered memory? • Or of a therapist being sued for creating a false memory of abuse?

  2. Memory pp. 380 -393

  3. Objective 22: What is Freud’s concept of repression? Is repression reflected in current memory research? • To remember our past is to revise it • Repression: in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feeling, and emotions. • We repress painful memories • “memories for painful experiences are sometimes pushed into the unconscious” • Memory researchers disagree with Freud • Suppression: when we consciously forget information

  4. Objective 23: How do misinformation and imagination distort our memory of an event? • (Loftus & Palmer, 1974) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SP8kJ5A5xU8

  5. Objective 23: How do misinformation and imagination distort our memory of an event? • Misinformation effect: incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event. • As memory fades with time following an event, the injection of misinformation becomes easier. • Fill in gaps with guesses and assumptions

  6. Objective 23: How do misinformation and imagination distort our memory of an event? • Imagining nonexistent actions can create false memories • The more vividly people can imagine things, the more likely they are to inflate their imaginations into memories (Loftus, 2001)

  7. Objective 24: How does source amnesia contribute to false memories? • Source amnesia: attributing an event to the wrong source (source misattribution) • We remember the experience, story, tweet, day dream, but do not remember where it came from

  8. Objective 25: What are some differences and similarities between true and false memories? • True Memories • Greater detail • Self-assured • “Maturation makes liars of us all” • Ask less suggestive, more effective questions • “Visualize the scene” activates retrieval • *cognitive interview • False Memories • Restricted to meanings and feelings • Memory construction • Self-assured

  9. Objective 26: Are young children’s reports of abuse reliable? • Yes • Neutral wording leads to accurate recall • Neutral interviewer • No • Leading questions plant false memories • Suggestible

  10. Objective 27: Can memories of childhood sexual abuse be repressed or recovered? • Are clinicians who have guided people in “recovering” memories of childhood abuse triggering false memories that damage innocent adults, or are they uncovering the truth? • Hypnosis or drugs are unreliable retrieval cues • Memories before the age of 3 are unreliable

  11. Objective 27: Can memories of childhood sexual abuse be repressed or recovered? • Loftus et al. (1996) • Implanted false memories in children such as being lost for an extended time, almost drowning, and vicious animal attack • For the most part, highly emotional memories are very likely to be remembered rather than repressed

  12. Lost in a Shopping Mall • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQr_IJvYzbA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hER-5mdIoN0

  13. Objective 28: How can memory contribute to effective study techniques? • Study repeatedly to boost long-term recall • Spend time rehearsing or actively thinking about material • Make the material personally meaningful • Mnemonic devices-peg words • Activate retrieval cues • Recall events before misinformation • Minimize interference • Test your knowledge

  14. Process p.20 • Formulate one hypothesis that might explain how a real, traumatic, and previously forgotten event could suddenly be remembered. • Formulate one hypothesis to explain how people could remember something that never really happened. • Describe one strategy that might help distinguish between real and false memories.

  15. Addendums to Chapter 9 • Objective 4: 2 types of rehearsal • Maintenance rehearsal: recitation of information over and over • Elaborative rehearsal: application of personal meaning and understanding to ensure that information is encoded into LTM • Objective 13: 2 types of explicit memory • Episodic memory: personal memories • Semantic information: general knowledge about your environment

  16. Objective 13: 2 types of amnesia • Retrograde amnesia: inability to remember events from the past, specifically episodic memories • Anterograde amnesia: inability to form new memories

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