1. Field Study and Energy-Plus Benchmarks for Energy Saver Homes SUMMER STUDY ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS August 16, 2012 William (Bill) Miller, Ph.D Authors Dr. William Miller, Dr. Som Shrestha and Ken Childs of ORNL Eric Stannard of Univ. of Tennessee

2. “Structural Insulated Panel” SIP Strategy “ Advanced F raming” OVF Strategy “ Dynamic Insulation - Phase Change Material” PCM Strategy “Exterior Insulation Finishing EIFS Strategy • Pair of Homes • Two-story on Crawlspace N • Pair of Homes • Two-story with Basement Project consists of four houses with different equipment and envelope systems Wolf Creek Subdivision, Oak Ridge, TN

3. ZEBRAlliance established to promote Cost-Effective Energy Efficiency in Buildings Functions as a public-private research project to promote an energy-efficiency education campaign Miller, et al. 2009 “Advanced Residential Envelopes for Two Pair of Energy-Saver Homes,” ACEEE Summer Study, 2009.

5. Objectives • DOE Building Technologies (BT) program Residential Building Integration • Accelerate progress toward Zero-Energy-Home (ZEH) • Whole-house 50% saver homes in mixed humid climate • DOE BT: Building Envelope R&D • Showcase different envelope approaches • Best practices portfolio: materials and construction • DOE BT: Analysis Tools and Designs • Data acquisition for Foundation Heat Exchanger (FHXs) • Benchmark FHX data against analytical tools • DOE BT: Space Conditioning and Refrigeration • Characterize HVAC, Water heating and Appliance systems • Accelerate for-sale status to better penetrate market

6. Demonstration Homes in Oak Ridge, TN • SIP and OVF Pair of Homes • Blower Door Tests • Tracer Gas Experiments • IR Thermography Diagnostics

7. OVF House Min -4.4 Max -1.5 Min -7.2 Max 1.2 Min -7.4 Max 1.8 Min -7.8 Max -5.9 Min -7.9 Max 1.,3 Min -5.9 Max -2.8 SIP House SIP House Min -11.1 Max 4.6 Min -3.7 Max -0.7 Min -11.5 Max 2.0 Min -5.7 Max 2.0 Min -6.1 Max -3.4 OVF House Construction Verified Using IR Thermography • FLIR Systems S65 HS IR Camera • ASTM Standard C1060 • ΔT >10°C for 4 hrs • No Irradiance for 3 hrs • Wind Speed < 15 mph SIP Kaushik Biswas, Kosny and Miller. “Thermal Integrity Assessment of Building Envelopes of Experimental Houses Using Infrared Thermography,” InfraMotion 2010, Las Vegas, Nevada.

8. Revenue Meter Readings Verify all Homes used 50% less energy than Home Built to IECC 2006

9. SIP House Equipment Characteristics • WAHP: 2-ton (7kW) capacity • Cooling COP 4.0 high-stage • Heating COP 5.4 high-stage • 2-Stage scroll compressor • Rated as per ANSI/AHRI/ISO 13256-1 • Brine Pump (1/6)hp (147 W) • WWHP: 1.5-ton (5.3 kW) • COP 3.1 (based on EWT 32oF (0oC)and load EWT 100oF (37.8oC) • 1-Speed rotary compressor • Brine Pump (1/6)hp (147W) • DHW Pump (1/25)hp (30W) • Water Tank: 80 gal (303L) • ~60 g/d (220L/d) water @ 120oF (49oC)

10. Heating Capacity vs. Entering Water Temperature (EWT) High Stage: 5% of total run time M. Ally, J. Munk, V. Baxter, A. Gehl ASHRAE Summer Meeting San Antonio, TX, June 23-27, 2012

11. Cooling Capacity versus EWT High Stage: 3% of total run time M. Ally, J. Munk, V. Baxter, A. Gehl ASHRAE Summer Meeting San Antonio, TX, June 23-27, 2012

12. OVF Home Salient Features • OVF House • 2x6 stick-built wood-framing • 24-in on center with ½” OSB • House air tight using Carlisle’s Barritech VP liquid membrane • Walls contain R-21 flash and batt fiberglass • Cathedral ceiling using SIP based phenolic foam design (R8 / in)

13. Exterior Insulation Finishing System • The EIFS has 2x4 stick-built wood-framing, 16-in on center with 5-in of EPS exterior insulation on all exterior walls to reduce thermal bridging losses. • A trowel applied weather resistive barrier minimizes the infiltration and/or exfiltration heat and moisture loads. • Crawlspace of the home is insulated and sealed (not vented to the outdoor ambient).

14. Weather Resistive Barrier Performance After a full year of exposure to the elements both WRB systems are adequately protecting the sheathing on the south-facing wall

15. E+ Model of PCM Home Phase Change Material (PCM) Home

16.     PCM - Cellulose 2 by 4 studs 24” OC ZIP Panel Fabric Mesh Gypsum board Cellulose 24” OC Exterior Double Wall Assembly PCM applied in the insulation will provide thermal buffering in wall

17. Summer Temperatures Measured in the East and South Wall of the PCM Home

18. Temperatures Measured in Blown Fiber Insulation in the Attic of the PCM Home Summer Field Data Winter Field Data

19. E+ Benchmarks of Attic Floor Heat Flux SIP and OVF Homes have cathedral ceilings PCM and EIFS Homes have conventional ventilated attics E+ predicted roof heat flux (W/m2) better for summer data than for winter

20. E+ Benchmarks of East Wall Heat Flux Winter data shows continual heat loss to the cold outdoors E+ predicted SIP and OVF wall flux better than EIFS (low-e foil) Rising Sun Heating Wall E+ differences between measured and predicted east wall heat flux (W/m2)

21. Conclusions • HERS scores and revenue meter data prove all homes consume only about half the energy consumed by conventional IECC (2006) compliant house • Driving rains do not penetrate the WRB which provide good protection from moisture intrusion • E+ (v7.0) predicted heat flux through the roofs and attics matched better with summer field measured data compared to that in winter • does an acceptable job in matching the trends in summer and winter • PCM in East Tennessee’s climate showed the PCM fully active in an east oriented wall but only partially active in the south-facing wall

22. Actual and Standard costs for the Four ZEBRA Houses

23. Thank you for your time! QUESTIONS?? DEMONSTRATION!