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Understanding Circuit Terminology: Key Concepts in Electronics and Power Measurement

This overview covers fundamental circuit terminology, distinguishing active and passive devices within electronics, and discusses various circuit systems. It introduces essential concepts such as voltage, current, ground reference, and power measurement, providing insights into their applications and implications. The chapter also addresses micro and nanotechnology, highlighting Moore’s Law and challenges like heat dissipation. Additionally, it explains tools for measuring voltage and current, including voltmeters and ammeters, enhancing one's understanding of how circuits function and the importance of energy conservation.

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Understanding Circuit Terminology: Key Concepts in Electronics and Power Measurement

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  1. 1. Circuit Terminology CIRCUITS by Ulaby & Maharbiz

  2. Overview

  3. Chapter 1: Circuit Terminology • Electronics • Devices – active vs. passive • Circuits • Systems

  4. Cell-Phone Architecture

  5. Units, Multiples, Notation

  6. Tech Brief 1: Micro- and Nanotechnology

  7. Tech Brief 1: Micro- and Nanotechnology

  8. Tech Brief 1: Micro- and Nanotechnology

  9. Charge & Current • Unit of charge = coulomb

  10. Electron Drift Response time = 0.2 microsecond Actual travel time = 10 days!!

  11. Current

  12. Example 1-1: Charge Transfer • Given: Solution: Determine: (a) q(t) (b)

  13. Example 1-1: Charge Transfer (cont.) (b)

  14. Voltage & Power

  15. Reference/Ground • Choose reference point for potential • Assign potential at reference = 0, called ground • Now all potentials are relative to ground terminal

  16. Measuring Voltage & Current • Voltmeter: measures voltage without drawing current • Ammeter: measures current without dropping voltage

  17. Open Circuit & Short Circuit • Open circuit: no path for current flow (R = ) • Short circuit: no voltage drop (R = 0)

  18. Power Rate of expending or absorbing energy Energy conservation Units: watts One watt = power rate of one joule of work per second. 1 W = 1 A x 1 V

  19. Passive Sign Convention

  20. Example 1-4: Energy Consumption • Given:Resistor consuming 20 W before switch turned off at t = 0. Also • Determine: Total energy consumed by resistor after t = 0. • Solution: (before t = 0)

  21. Circuit Elements: Independent Sources

  22. Circuit Elements: Dependent Sources

  23. I-V for Sources • Current/voltage fixed for independent sources • What does a non-ideal source look like? • Dependent sources vary with reference voltage/current • What are units for slope?

  24. Equivalent Circuit Using Dependent Source

  25. Example 1-5: Dependent Source • Given: Source is CCVS Determine: Solution:

  26. Tech Brief 2: Moore’s Law

  27. Tech Brief 2: Moore’s Law • Challenges to Continuation of Moore’s Law • Heat dissipation • Size (approaching atomic dimensions)

  28. Summary

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