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Cells & Heredity

This chapter explores the fundamentals of human inheritance, focusing on how traits are determined by genes. It explains concepts such as dominant and recessive traits, multiple alleles, and polygenic inheritance. Traits like dimples, blood types, and skin pigment are discussed, alongside the influence of environment and nutrition on characteristics over generations. The chapter also addresses sex-linked traits and the significance of chromosomes in determining gender. Understanding these concepts is crucial for studying heredity in humans and how genetics influence various traits.

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Cells & Heredity

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  1. Cells & Heredity Human Inheritance Chapter 4 Section 1

  2. The organism either expresses the trait or they don’t Dimples Widow’s Peak Color Blindness DD = Dimples Dd = Dimples dd = no dimples Traits Controlled by a Single Gene

  3. 3 or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait Blood Types (A,B,O) A Blood AA & AO B Blood BB & BO AB Blood AB Universal Recipient O Blood OO Universal Donor Multiple Alleles

  4. Several genes work together to produce a single trait Skin pigment color LLL  Very Light LLD  Light LDD  Dark DDD  Very Dark Traits Controlled by Many Genes

  5. The average American is now 3-4 inches taller than they were 100 years ago Better nutrition and medical care Vitamins Minerals Protein Effect of Environment

  6. All humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes 46 total Sex Chromosomes The 23rd pair XX  Girl XY  Boy Male or Female

  7. Genes on the X chromosomes Males have only one X chromosome… Much more likely to express a sex-linked trait Sex-Linked Genes

  8. An organism that is heterozygous for a trait Tt Tall plant Carrier for the short gene Carrier

  9. Pedigree • Family tree that charts which members of a family have a particular trait

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