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Organelles

This overview compares prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, highlighting their differences and organelles. Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, with hereditary information located in the cytoplasm, and include bacteria. In contrast, eukaryotes, like plants and animals, have a defined nucleus and evolved from prokaryotic cells. Key organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, and Golgi apparatus perform essential functions. Understanding these structures and their roles is crucial for grasping cellular biology.

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Organelles

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  1. Organelles Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

  2. Prokaryotes • Cells have no nucleus • Information for heredity is contained within the cytoplasm. • First cells to evolve • Ex: Bacteria

  3. Eukaryotes • Have nucleus • Information for heredity is contained within the nucleus • Cells evolve from prokaryotes • EX: Animals, protists, fungi, & plants

  4. Organelles • Tiny membrane-bound structures that perform special functions inside the cell.

  5. Cell Wall • Only found in plants, fungi, & bacterial cells • Strong, rigid, & stiff. • Provides support & protection for the cell.

  6. Cell Membrane • Membrane that protects and supports the cell. • Allows movement of nutrients in and out of the cell. • Included in ALL cells.

  7. Nucleus • Found in both plant and animal cells. • Large, oval shape • Centrally located (center) • Controls the activities of the cell.

  8. Cytoplasm • Both plant and animal cells. • Clear, thick, jelly-like substance • Supports and protects the organelles.

  9. Golgi apparatus • Plant and animal cells • Looks like flattened stack of pancakes • Packages proteins made by the cell

  10. Ribosomes • Plant and animal cells • Can be attached to the endoplasmic rectiulum (ER) or free floating • Produces proteins

  11. Endoplasmic reticulum • Plants and animal cells • Network of tubes • Transports materials throughout the cell. • Rough & smooth (types)

  12. mitochondria • Plant and animal cells • Looks like a jellybean • Breaks down sugars to release useable energy.

  13. vacuoles • Plant and animal cells • Fluid filled sacs • Store food, water, & waste

  14. lysosomes • Only in animal cells • Small & Round • Breaks down large food molecules into smaller ones. • Digests old cell parts

  15. chloroplasts • Plant cells ONLY • Oval • Green from cholorophyll • Uses energy from the sun to make food

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